78281-02-4

Derived from the dried flowers of Carthamus tinctorius L.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (Safflomin A) is a natural product of flavonoids isolated from safflower. Hydroxysafflor yellow A can inhibit cell proliferation and promote apoptosis through the autophagy pathway. Hydroxysafflor yellow A has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor effects. Hydroxysafflor yellow A can be used in the study of cardiovascular disease[1][2][3][4][5][6].

ChEBI: Hydroxysafflor yellow A is a C-glycosyl compound that is 3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one which is substituted by beta-D-glucosyl groups at positions 2 and 4, and by a p-hydroxycinnamoyl group at position 6. It is the main bioactive compound of a traditional Chinese medicine obtained from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, an antioxidant, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, a radical scavenger, an EC 3.2.1.48 (sucrose alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor, a neuroprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a C-glycosyl compound, a member of phenols, an enone and an enol.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A is a pigment that has been found in C. tinctorius and has diverse biological activities. It inhibits LPS-induced increases in NF-κB levels and production of nitric oxide (NO), IL-1β, and TNF-α in primary mouse embryonic mesencephalic cultures when used at concentrations of 40 and 160 μM.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (1 and 3 mg/kg) decreases mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate in anesthetized normotensive or spontaneously hypertensive rats. It reduces infarct volume and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in a rat model of focal transient cerebral is chemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) when administered at doses of 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg.

[1] Yang G, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via Toll-like receptor-4 pathway. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015 Apr 15;8(4):5295-302. PMID:26131104
[2] Zhu HJ, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HYSA) inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Cytotechnology. 2015 Oct;67(5):885-92. DOI:10.1007/s10616-014-9783-3
[3] Jin M, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelium inflammatory injury. Chin J Integr Med. 2016 Jan;22(1):36-41. DOI:10.1007/s11655-015-1976-x
[4] He Y, et al. Protective effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. J Physiol Biochem. 2015 Mar;71(1):69-78. DOI:10.1007/s13105-015-0382-3
[5] Jin M, Xue et al. Protective Effect of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A on Inflammatory Injury in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Rats. Chin J Integr Med. 2019 Oct;25(10):750-756. DOI:10.1007/s11655-018-2577-2
[6] Wu N, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A promotes apoptosis via blocking autophagic flux in liver cancer. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Apr;136:111227. DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111227