7440-64-4

Name YTTERBIUM
CAS 7440-64-4
EINECS(EC#) 231-173-2
Molecular Formula Yb
MDL Number MFCD00011286
Molecular Weight 173.04
MOL File 7440-64-4.mol
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Chemical Properties

Definition A metallic element. A rare-earth metal of yttrium subgroup, atomic number 70, aw 173.04, valence of 2, 3; exists in α and β forms, the latter being semiconductive at pressures above 16,000 atm. There are seven natural isotopes.
Appearance metal powder
Melting point  824 °C(lit.)
Boiling point  1196 °C(lit.)
density  6.54 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
storage temp.  Flammables area
solubility  soluble in dilute acid solutions
form  powder
color  Silver-gray
Specific Gravity 6.97
PH 0.5 (20°C in H2O)
Resistivity 28 μΩ-cm, 20°C
Electrical Conductivity 3.6× 106S/m
Water Solubility  It reacts slowly with water and is soluble in dilute acids.
Specific Heat Capacity Cp(crystal):0.1543J/(g·K);Cp(gas):0.120203J/(g·K),at 25℃
Thermal Conductivity 39 W/(m·K)
Sensitive  Air & Moisture Sensitive
Merck  13,10160
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 4 ppm
OSHA: TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 ppm; TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3); STEL 4 ppm(10 mg/m3)
InChI 1S/Yb
InChIKey NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
History Marignac in 1878 discovered a new component, which he called ytterbia, in the Earth then known as erbia. In 1907, Urbain separated ytterbia into two components, which he called neoytterbia and lutecia. The elements in these earths are now known as ytterbium and lutetium, respectively. These elements are identical with aldebaranium and cassiopeium, discovered independently and at about the same time by von Welsbach. Ytterbium occurs along with other rare earths in a number of rare minerals. It is commercially recovered principally from monazite sand, which contains about 0.03%. Ion-exchange and solvent extraction techniques developed in recent years have greatly simplified the separation of the rare earths from one another. The element was first prepared by Klemm and Bonner in 1937 by reducing ytterbium trichloride with potassium. Their metal was mixed, however, with KCl. Daane, Dennison, and Spedding prepared a much purer form in 1953 from which the chemical and physical properties of the element could be determined. Ytterbium has a bright silvery luster, is soft, malleable, and quite ductile. While the element is fairly stable, it should be kept in closed containers to protect it from air and moisture. Ytterbium is readily attacked and dissolved by dilute and concentrated mineral acids and reacts slowly with water. Ytterbium has three allotropic forms with transformation points at –13° and 795°C. The beta form is a room-temperature, face-centered, cubic modification, while the high-temperature gamma form is a body-centered cubic form. Another bodycentered cubic phase has recently been found to be stable at high pressures at room temperatures. The beta form ordinarily has metallic-type conductivity, but becomes a semiconductor when the pressure is increased above 16,000 atm. The electrical resistance increases tenfold as the pressure is increased to 39,000 atm and drops to about 80% of its standard temperature- pressure resistivity at a pressure of 40,000 atm. Natural ytterbium is a mixture of seven stable isotopes. Twenty-six other unstable isotopes and isomers are known. Ytterbium metal has possible use in improving the grain refinement, strength, and other mechanical properties of stainless steel. One isotope is reported to have been used as a radiation source as a substitute for a portable X-ray machine where electricity is unavailable. Few other uses have been found. Ytterbium metal is available with a purity of about 99.9% for about $10/g. Ytterbium has a low acute toxicity rating.
SMILES [Yb]
Bulk Modulus 30.5 GPa
Hardness, Vickers 17
Poissons Ratio 0.207
Shear Modulus 9.90 GPa
CAS DataBase Reference 7440-64-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System Ytterbium (7440-64-4)
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Safety Data

Symbol(GHS)  Flame (GHS02)Exclamation Mark (GHS07)
GHS02,GHS07
Signal word  Danger
Hazard statements  H228-H302+H312+H332-H315-H319-H335
Precautionary statements  P210-P280-P301+P312-P302+P352+P312-P304+P340+P312-P305+P351+P338
Hazard Codes  Xn,F,Xi
Risk Statements 
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin .
R20/21/22:Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R11:Highly Flammable.
R36/38:Irritating to eyes and skin .
Safety Statements 
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing .
S33:Take precautionary measures against static discharges .
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition-No smoking .
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
RIDADR  UN 3089 4.1/PG 2
WGK Germany  3
RTECS  ZG1925000
TSCA  Yes
HazardClass  4.2
PackingGroup  I
HS Code  28053090
Safety Profile
As a lanthanon it maj7 have an anticoagulant action on blood. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Flammable in the form of dust when reacted with air, halogens. See also LANTHANUM and RARE EARTHS.

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