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Prodox,Upjohn

17α-Hydroxy Progesterone is a metabolite of Progesterone. It was isolated from adrenal glands.

anticoagulant

Progesteron. It was isolated from adrenal glands.

ChEBI: A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.

Hydroxyprogesterone has been used prophylactically for the 12th to 37th week of pregnancy, particularly in women who are in the high-risk category for premature delivery (e.g., those with a history of premature delivery or spontaneous abortion). A concern relating to teratogenic potential has limited its use. Hydroxyprogesterone as a tocolytic agent requires further evaluation before its routine prophylactic administration can be recommended.

A suspension of 90.0 g of δ5-pregnen-3β,17α-diol-20-one in 2300 ml of 85% formic acid was shaken for 2 h at a temperature of 70C. During this time the compound partially dissolved and at the same time a new crystalline substance appeared in the solution. After cooling, the precipitate was filtered, thus giving 80.0 g of the 3-formate of δ5-pregnen-3β,17α-diol-20-one having a melting point of 204°-207°C.
5.0 g of the 3-formate of δ5-pregnen-3β,17α-diol-20-one suspended in 120 ml of acetic anhydride was treated with 1.5 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid and the mixture was stirred for 9 h at room temperature. It was poured into water and after 2 h standing, the precipitate was filtered and washed to neutral, thus yielding the 3-formate 17-acetate of δ5-pregnen-3β,17α-diol-20-one in a yield of over 90%.
1.0 g of 3-formate 17-acetate of δ5-pregnen-3β,17α-diol-20-one was dissolved in 30 ml of xylene and 10 ml of cyclohexanone and 4 ml of the solution were distilled in order to remove traces of moisture. 1.0 g of aluminum isopropylate was added to the hot solution and the mixture was refluxed for 45 min. After cooling to 90°C, water was added and the organic solvents were removed by steam distiliation. Salt was added to the aqueous suspension and the residue was filtered, dried and extracted with hot acetone. The acetone solution was evaporated to dryness and the residue was crystallized from chloroformmethanol, thus giving 610.0 mg of the 17-acetate of δ4-pregnen-17α-ol-3,20- dione (17-acetoxy-progesterone) with a melting point of 239°-240°C.
Saponification of this compound with 1% methanolic potassium hydroxide yielded 80% of δ4-pregnen-17α-ol-3,20-dione.

Progestin

17-hydroxyprogesterone, an endogenous progestogen and chemical intermediate in the biosynthesis of other steroid hormones, is also the parent compound of various progestins derivatives.

Hydroxyprogesterone, 17|á-hydroxypregn-4-en-3,20-dione (28.3.6), is synthesized from dehydropregnenolon (28.3.2). Dehydropregnenolon itself is made by successive decomposition and oxidation of the side spiroketal group of diosgenin?athe aglycone of one of the saponins of plant origin isolated from Discorea. The double bond at C16¨CC17 or dehydropregnenolon is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a base to give an epoxide (28.3.3). Interaction of the resulting epoxide with hydrogen bromide in acetic acid forms a bromohydrin (28.3.4). The hydroxyl group of C3 of the steroid system is formylated by formic acid, and reduction by hydrogen over a palladium catalyst removes the bromine atom at C16, forming the product (28.3.5). The hydroxyl group at C17 of this product is acylated by acetic acid anhydride and then the formyl group at C3 is oxidized by aluminum isopropylate in the presence of cyclohexanone, during which simultaneous isomerization takes place at the double bond, isomerizes from C5¨CC6 to position C4¨CC5, forming the desired hydroprogesterone ester, in the given case an acetate (28.3.6), in which form it is used in medical practice. Other alternative ways of synthesis have been proposed.

17-hydroxyprogesterone was found to be an agonist of the progesterone receptor (pr), which was similarly to progesterone. in addition, 17-hydroxyprogesterone was also an antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor (mr) as well as a partial agonist of the glucocorticoid receptor (gr), with very low potency (ec50>100-fold less relative to cortisol), which was also similarly to progesterone [1].

findings from a previous rat in vivo study demonstrated that even if modest, lowering blood pressure with 17-hydroxyprogesterone could be a viable treatment selection for blocking inflammation and uterine artery vasoconstriction, whereas improving litter size [2].

[1] barbara j. attardi, et al. comparison of progesterone and glucocorticoid receptor binding and stimulation of gene expression by progesterone, 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-ohpc), and related progestins. am j obstet gynecol. 2007 dec; 197(6): 599.e1–599.e7.
[2] lorena m. amaral, et al. 17- hydroxyprogesterone caproate significantly improves clinical characteristics of preeclampsia in the rupp rat model. hypertension. 2015 jan; 65(1): 225–231.
[3] ryckman kk,cook de,berberich sl,shchelochkov oa,berends sk,busch t,dagle jm,murray jc. replication of clinical associations with 17-hydroxyprogesterone in preterm newborns. j pediatr endocrinol metab. 2012;25(3-4):301-5.