Application
Gynazole·1® contains 2% butoconazole nitrate (an imidazole derivative with antifungal activity) in cream of edetate disodium, glyceryl monostearate, methylparaben, mineral oil, polyglycerol-3 oleate, propylene glycol, propylparaben, colloidal silicon dioxide, sorbitol solution, purified water, and microcrystalline wax. Butoconazole nitrate is used locally in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. It is administered as a 100-mg suppository or 5 g (1 applicatorful) of a 2% cream for three consecutive nights.
Definition
ChEBI: An organic nitrate salt obtained by reaction of equimolar amounts of butaconazole and nitric acid. An antifungal agent, it is used in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida a
bicans.
Manufacturing Process
1H-Imidazole, 1-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-((2,6-dichlorophenyl)thio)butyl)-, (+/-
)-, mononitrate may be prepared by the same way as described below for
enantiomers.
To a solution of Li2CuCl4 (0.10 M, 8.8 ml, 0.88 mmol) in dry THF (75 ml) was
added dropwise a solution of 4-chloromagnesium chloride (17.5 mmol) in
ether (15 ml) at -35°C. After stirring for 45 min, a pre-cooled (-35°C) solution
of (S)-(+)-glycydil tosylate (2.0 g, 8.8 mmol) in THF (5 ml) was added via
syringe. After 2 h at -35°C, the mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl
and extracted with ether. The organic layer was dried (Na2SO4), evaporated to
dryness and purificated by flash chromatography affording (2S)-1-(p-toluenesulphonyloxy)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)butan-2-ol, as a white solid (1.9 g,
77%), m.p. 72.7-74°C.
(2S)-1-[2-Hydroxy-4-(4-chlorophenyl)butyl]-1H-imidazole was prepared as
follows: to a solution of imidasole (0.52 g, 7.61 mmol) in dry DMF (5 ml) at
0°C under N2 was added NaH (60% dispersion in oil, 0.3 g, 7.61 mmol). The
reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 30 min. A
solution of (2S)-1-(p-toluenesulphonyloxy)-4-(4chlorophenyl)butan-2-ol in
DMF (15 ml) was then added dropwise over 15 min. The reaction mixture was
heated at 75°C for 24 h, cooled poured into water and extracted with ethyl
acetate. The organic phase was dried and evaporated and was the residue
purified by flash chromatography. Gradient elution (1-5% MeOH/CH2Cl2)
afforded (2S)-1-[2-hydroxy-4-(4-chlorophenyl)butyl]-1H-imidazole which was
recrystallized from EtOAc/Et2O (236 mg, 67%), m.p. 128°-131°C; [α]D25-
23.23 (c 0.4, CHCl3).
(2S)-1-[2-Hydroxy-4-(4-chlorophenyl)butyl]-1H-imidazole nitrate was
prepared as follows. To a solution of (2S)-1-(p-toluenesulphonyloxy)-4-(4-
chlorophenyl)butan-2-ol (250 mg, 1 mmol) in THF (5 ml) at 0°C was added
triethylamine (0.28 ml, 2.0 mmol), followed by methanesulfonyl chloride (0,15
ml, 2.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was was warmed to room temperature
and stirred for 1 h. The mixture was poured into aq. NaHCO3, extracted with
EtOAC, and the organic phase dried and evaporated to dryness. The resulting
mesylate was dissolved in acetone (50 ml), then 2,6-dichlorobenzenethiol(464 mg, 2.6 mmol) and K2CO3 (568 mg, 4.1 mmol) were added. The mixture
was heated at reflux under N2, cooled to room temperature, evaporated to
dryness and partionated between water and EtOAc. The organic phase was
dried (Na2SO4), evaporated, and residue purified by flash chromatography (1-
2% MeOH/CH2Cl2 gradient elution) to give an oil which was converted to
nitrate salt. Recrystallization from EtOAc/Et2O gave 260 mg (55%) (2S)-1-[2-
hydroxy-4-(4-chlorophenyl)butyl]-1H-imidazole nitrate, m.p. 120°-124°C;
[α]D25+22.68 (c 0.4, EtOH).
The R enantiomer was prepared the same way from (-)-glycidyl tosylate.
Clinical Use
1-[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-thio]butyl]-1H-imidazole (Femstat) is an extremely broad-spectrum antifungaldrug that is specifically effective against C. albicans.It is supplied as a vaginal cream containing 2% of thesalt. It is intended for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis.
