62304-98-7

Thymosin-α1 (T-α1,62304-98-7), a synthetic 28-amino acid peptide with multiple biological activities primarily directed towards immune response enhancement, this drug is used for the treatment of HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, and being developed for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), hepatocellular carcinoma, AIDS and malignant melanoma. T-α1 is able to potentiate the action of cytokines and also reduce the hematological toxicity of cytotoxic drug therapy, such as cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, dacarbazine.

Zadax- in (SciClone).

ChEBI: Thymalfasin is a polypeptide.

Thymalfasin is a synthetic analogue of thymosin-alpha-1, a 28-amino acid protein derived from the precursor protein prothymosin-alpha. Exhibiting a variety of immunoregulating properties, thymosin-alpha-1 induces differentiation of murine T-cell precursors and human thymocytes and the terminal differentiation of functionally immature cord blood lymphocytes and induces production of IL-2, high affinity IL-2 receptors, and B-cell growth factors by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. T-helper and cytotoxic/suppressor T-cell populations are targets of thymosin activity. Thymosin-alpha-1 has been shown to increase the efficiency of antigen presentation by macrophages and to be an endogenous modulator of alpha-thrombin activity.
https://www.prospecbio.com

Thymosin α1 (Tα1), a 28-amino acid Nα-acetylated peptide, has a powerful general immunostimulating activity. Although biosynthesis is an attractive means of large-scale manufacture, to date, Tα1 can only be chemosynthesized because of two obstacles to its biosynthesis: the difficulties in expressing small peptides and obtaining Nα-acetylation. In this study, we describe a novel production process for Nα-acetylated Tα1 in Escherichia coli.
Synthesis of Thymosin α1, a Polypeptide of the Thymus
Production of Nα-acetylated thymosin α1 in Escherichia coli
Synthesis of thymosin .alpha.1

Thymosin α1 (Tα1) is a 28 amino acid peptide produced by thymic epithelial cellslocated in the outer cortex and medulla of the thymus (Hirokawa et al., 1982).Invitro studies involving the use of bone marrow and progenitor cell cocultures haverevealed Tα1's capacity to stimulate thymocyte maturation (Knutsen et al.,1999).Inaddition，the administration of Tα1 in mice has resulted in notable increases inmurine thymic size and thymocyte numbers，further demonstrating Tal's abilityto enhance thymocyte growth (Beuth et al., 2000).Tα1 is likely to exert its stimula-tory effect on developing thymocytes partly by acting as an anti-apoptotic agent(Baumann et al.，1996). Interestingly，the addition of Tα1 to thymocyte andthymic epithelial cell cocultures was found to increase the production of IL-7 byepithelial cells, suggesting that the enhancing effect of Tal on thymopoiesis may bethrough the induction of IL-7 (Knutsen et al.，1999).
Basic Biology and Clinical Impact of Immunosenescence

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[2] MARILèNE BINSFELD. Impact of the immunomodulating peptide thymosin alpha 1 on multiple myeloma and immune recovery after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.[J]. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, 2015, 64 8: 989-998. DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1708-2
[3] CONG BO. Thymosin α1 suppresses migration and invasion of PD-L1 high-expressing non-small-cell lung cancer cells via inhibition of STAT3-MMP2 signaling.[J]. OncoTargets and therapy, 2018: 7255-7270. DOI: 10.2147/ott.s177943
[4] LUIGINA ROMANI. Thymosin α1 represents a potential potent single-molecule-based therapy for cystic fibrosis[J]. Nature Medicine, 2017, 23 5: 590-600. DOI: 10.1038/nm.4305