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Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density.¹ This regulatory process manifests itself with a variety of phenotypes including biofilm formation and virulence factor production.² Coordinated gene expression is achieved by the production, release, and detection of small diffusible signal molecules called autoinducers. Autoinducers containing a phenylacetanoyl group in the acyl chain display a wide range of inhibitory and activating effects on various R protein transcriptional regulators.^3,4,5 N-phenylacetyl-L-Homoserine lactone is a small diffusible signaling molecule involved in quorum sensing in the model symbiont V. fischeri and the pathogens A. tumefaciens and P. aeruginosa.^5,6 It has been reported to antagonize TraR signaling in A. tumefaciens, LasR signaling in E. coli, and LuxR signaling in V. fischeri.⁴

N-Phenylacetyl-L-homoserine lactone is a small diffusible signaling molecule that strongly antagonizes or super-activates the quorum sensing of Vibrio fischeri[1].

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1. González, J.E., and Keshavan, N.D. Messing with bacterial quorum sensing Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 70(4),859-875(2006).
2. Gould, T.A., Herman, J., Krank, J., et al. Specificity of acyl-homoserine lactone syntheses examined by mass spectrometry J. Bacteriol. 188(2),773-783(2006).
3. Geske, G.D., O'Neill, J.C., and Blackwell, H.E. N-phenylacetanoyl-L-homoserine lactones can strongly antagonize or superagonize quorum sensing in Vibrio fischeri ACS Chem. Biol. 2(5),315-319(2007).
4. Geske, G.D., O'Neill, J.C., Miller, D.M., et al. Comparative analyses of N-acylated homoserine lactones reveal unique structural features that dictate their ability to activate or inhibit quorum sensing Chembiochem 9(3),389-400(2008).
5. Geske, G.D., O'Neill, J.C., Miller, D.M., et al. Modulation of bacterial quorum sensing with synthetic ligands: Systematic evaluation of N-acylated homoserine lactones in multiple species and new insights into their mechanisms of action J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129,13613-13625(2007).
6. Geske, G.D., Wezeman, R.J., Siegel, A.P., et al. Small molecule inhibitors of bacterial quorum sensing and biofilm formation J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127(37),12762-12763(2005).