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Quorum sensing is a regulatory process used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself with a variety of phenotypes including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved by the production, release, and detection of small diffusible signal molecules called autoinducers. The N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise one such class of autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled with homoserine lactone (HSL). AHLs vary in acyl group length (C₄-C₁₈), in the substitution of C3 (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group) and in the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signal specificity through the affinity of transcriptional regulators of the LuxR family. C18:1-Δ⁹ cis-(L)-HSL is a long-chain AHL that may have antimicrobial activity and thus, might be used to inhibit pathogenesis by regulating bacerial quorum sensing signaling.

N-cis-octadec-9Z-enoyl-L-Homoserine lactone is a potent inhibitor of AhyI. AhyI (expressing acylhomoserine lactone) is responsible for the biosynthesis of autoinducer-1 (AI-1), commonly referred to as a quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecule, which plays an essential role in bacterial communication. N-cis-octadec-9Z-enoyl-L-Homoserine lactone is a competitive inhibitor of AI-1 biosynthesis[1].

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[1] Ali F, et al. In silico analysis of AhyI protein and AI-1 inhibition using N-cis-octadec-9z-enoyl-l-homoserine lactone inhibitor in Aeromonas hydrophila. Microb Pathog. 2022;162:105356. DOI:10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105356