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• Physical and Chemical Properties

  Hippuric acid is also known as "Benzoylaminoethanoic acid",its molecular formula is C9H9NO3. The molecular weight is 179.18. As colorless crystals. Melting point 187~188 ℃. It's soluble in cold water, chloroform, ether, cold ethanol, slightly soluble in amyl alcohol, soluble in hot water, hot ethanol, sodium phosphate solution, almost insoluble in benzene, carbon disulfide, petroleum ether. Naturally it occurs in herbivores (such as horses) of urine, it is also present in small amounts in human urine,it is easily hydrolyzed to benzoic acid and glycine. Hippuric acid can reduce urine pH within a certain range,which makes the bacteria living environment change, and then plays a synergistic bactericidal effect. Urinary hippuric acid is measured using pyridine-benzene chloride colorimetry. The principle is that hippuric acid reacts with benzene sulfonyl chloride in pyridine solution, and the product in ethanol solution is yellow compound, according to the color depth, quantitative analysis is processed by colorimetry. Normal urine hippuric acid content varies widely because of different varieties of diet and intake (from 0.3 to 2.5 grams per day), and there are individual differences. After Toluene goes into the body, through metabolic transformation, most of it becomes to hippuric acid and is excreted through urine. Determination of horse urine  hippuric acid content can be used as  exposure indicators to reflect the body's absorption of toluene, but it can not serve as indicators of the diagnosis.
  Hippuric acid can be made by reaction of benzoyl chloride with glycine in sodium hydroxide solution . It can be used for biochemical reagents and organic synthesis. Hippuric acid ammonium salt is crystal, soluble in water, soluble in ethanol; potassium salt is crystal, containing single molecule of crystal water, soluble in water, soluble in ethanol.
  Properties, uses, methods of synthesis of hippuric acid Information compiled by Andy of ChemicalBook (2016-11-19).;

• Hippuric acid excretion test

  The use of the principles of sodium benzoate going into the human body and  binding  glycine  in the liver to be non-toxic hippuric acid and being excreted with the urine,can be used to exam  liver detoxification function, which is called hippuric acid excretion test. The kidneys can not only excrete hippuric acid, it can also synthesize a small amount of  hippuric acid .It is only in normal renal function that hippuric acid test can truly reflect the liver's detoxification function using hippuric acid excretion test . A little after the subjects take breakfast, oral 6g sodium benzoate is taken. 4h after taking the drug, collect the urine, measure the urine excretion, the normal amount ofhippuric acid after 4h discharge should be> 3.0g. To avoid nausea and vomiting induced often by oral sodium benzoate  , intravenous injection 1.77g sodium benzoate can be slowly done  ,urine is collected 1h after injection, discharge amount is measured  , the  normal discharge amount should be 1h> 0.7g. When there is liver parenchymal disease, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver necrosis, the liver synthesis of hippuric acid dysfunctions, which decreases production of hippuric acid  . Obstructive jaundice causes small changes. Reduced renal blood flow and renal excretion dysfunction also lead to the reducing of the amount of hippuric acid discharge . Some fruits contain benzoic acid  such as apples, bananas, etc., they should be banned when testing. Hippuric acid test has many factors and sodium benzoate can cause adverse reactions in patients, and the valuation of liver detoxification function is less precise, it has been less clinical.
  Reference: China Medical Encyclopedia twenty-seven DIAGNOSIS  [author:Sun Rongwu];

• Uses

  The product is used for medicine, dyes intermediates and it is used for the production of fluorescent yellow H8GL, disperse fluorescent FFL and so on.;

• production method

  Benzoyl chloride reacts with the amino acid in sodium hydroxide solution, amido sodium benzene is obtained, then it is acidized with hydrochloric acid. The amino acid is dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution, at the same time drop  benzoyl chloride and sodium hydroxide solution  below 30 ℃  , the reaction solution is always alkaline. After finishing adding, stir for 30min. Then add  hydrochloric acid to pH 2, filter  crude, use water to recrystallize , hippuric acid is obtained. Consumption of raw materials fixed: amino acid (90%) 610kg/t, benzoyl chloride (60%) 1520kg/t, caustic soda (30%) 1960kg/t, hydrochloric acid (30%) 900kg/t.;

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