Description
FAK inhibitor 14 (4506-66-5) is a selective focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor that displays no significant activity at a range of other kinases including EGFR, PDGFR and IGF-R.1 Prevents FAK autophosphorylation at Y397 (IC50 = 1 μM), promotes cell detachment and inhibits cell adhesion in vitro. FAK inhibitor 14 exhibits antiproliferative activity in a variety of human tumor cell lines in vitro and in breast cancer cells in vivo. Induces regression of pancreatic tumors2 and glioblastoma3. Displays antiangiogenic activity.4
Uses
FAK Inhibitor 14 directly blocks phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in a dose- and time-dependent manner and has also shown breast tumor regression in vivo. It has been suggested that targeting the Y397 site of FAK with FAK Inhibitor 14 can be effectively used in cancer therapy.
General Description
A cell-permeable tetraamine compound that is identified from a computer-aided molecular docking screening based on Fak Y397 interaction and is shown to inhibit FAK (Cat. No. 324876) autophosphorylation as well as its kinase activity toward paxillin phosphorylation both in cell-free kinase assays (IC50<1 μM) and in BT474 breast cancer cultures, while exhibiting little activity against Pyk2 (Cat. No. 662067) autophosphorylation or the kinase activity of c-Raf, c-Src, EGFR, VEGFR-3, IGF-1, Met, PDGFR-α, Pyk2, and PI 3-K (p110δ/p85α). Reported to inhibit BT474 proliferation both in cultures in vitro (IC50 ~10 μM) and in mice in vivo (~25% of no treatment controls on day 23; 30 mg/kg via 5 i.p/wk).
Biological Activity
Selective focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor that displays no significant activity at a range of other kinases including EGFR, PDGFR and IGF-RI. Prevents FAK autophosphorylation at Y397 (IC 50 = 1 μ M), promotes cell detachment and inhibits cell adhesion in vitro . Exhibits antiproliferative activity in a variety of human tumor cell lines in vitro and in breast cancer cells in vivo .
Biochem/physiol Actions
1,2,4,5-Benzenetetraamine tetrahydrochloride (FAK Inhibitor 14; Y15) is a cell-permeable, selective focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is essential in regulating integrin signaling pathways responsible for cell survival, cell proliferation and motility. Phosphorylation of FAK tyrosine 397 (Y397) forms a high affinity binding site for the SH2 domain of the Src family kinases and PI3 kinase. FAK is overexpressed in a number of human tumors. 1,2,4,5-Benzenetetraamine tetrahydrochloride (FAK Inhibitor 14, Y15) blocks phosphorylation of Y397-FAK, which results in neuroblastoma cell detachment and apoptosis.
Synthesis
1. Treat 4,6-dinitro-1,3-phenylenediamine in an inert atmosphere to prevent oxidation. To a 2-gallon autoclave was added 480 g of 1,5-diamino-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 5.5 g of tin powder (T1 grade), and 9.6 g of Degussa F101 Pt/C catalyst. After sealing the autoclave, the system was purged with nitrogen and 2000 mL of ethanol treated with nitrogen injection was added. 2. The autoclave was heated to 70 °C and pressurized with hydrogen to 300 psi. the reaction was held at 80.5 °C and 300 psi for 2 h. 3. After the reaction was complete, the mixture in the autoclave was pushed through a solid filter into a precipitation vessel. After cooling to 15 °C, 1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine tetrahydrochloride was precipitated by the addition of 1400 mL of 12.1 M HCl. 4. The precipitated solid was collected and washed sequentially with 12.1 M HCl and ethanol. The product was partially dried over a filter at 40 °C by nitrogen and vacuum. Eventually 557.3 g of 1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine tetrahydrochloride was obtained in 81% yield.5. For further purification, 1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine tetrahydrochloride can be crystallized from an aqueous solution by means of concentrated hydrochloric acid.
References
1) Golubovskaya et al. (2008), A small molecule inhibitor, 1,2,4,5-benzenetetraamine tetrahydrochloride, targeting the y397 site of focal adhesion kinase decreases tumor growth; J. Med. Chem., 51 7405
2) Hochwald et al. (2009), A novel small molecule inhibitor of FAK decreases growth of human pancreatic cancer; Cell Cycle, 8 2435
3) Golubovskaya et al. (2013), Pharmacologic blockade of FAK autophosphorylation decreases human glioblastoma tumor growth and synergizes with temozolomide; Mol. Cancer Ther., 12 162
4) Cabrita et al. (2011), Focal Adhesion kinase inhibitors are potent anti-angiogenic agents; Mol. Oncol., 5 517
