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5-Formyl-2'-deoxyuridine is a product formed when the 5-methyl group of thymine in DNA undergoes oxidation due to exposure to gamma radiation or certain chemical agents. Serving as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage, 5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine is employed in investigations of DNA damage and repair mechanisms. Additionally, 5-Formyl-2'-deoxyuridine can be used in studies involving chemically crosslinking with peptides derived from the RecA protein[1].

[1] Sugiyama T, et al. Chemical cross-linking of peptides derived from RecA with single-stranded oligonucleotides containing 5-formyl-2′-deoxyuridine[J]. Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 2001, 20(4-7): 1079-1083. DOI:10.1081/NCN-100002494