Description
C6 Ceramide-d
7 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of short-chain ceramides, such as C2 ceramide , C6 ceramide , and C8 ceramide , by GC- or LC-MS. C6 Ceramide is a cell-permeable analog of naturally occurring ceramides. With a longer carbon chain than C2 ceramide, it is somewhat more hydrophobic, and may more closely mimic the effects of natural ceramides.
1 C6 Ceramide mediates many diverse biological activities including apoptosis, activation of protein phosphatase 2A, and inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
1,2,3,4 It also enhances the expression of COX-2 in rat granulosa cells and stimulates the growth of bovine aortic smooth muscle cells.
5,6 C6 Ceramide acts in neuronal axons to inhibit neurite growth.
7
References
1. Dobrowsky, R.T., and Hannun, Y.A. Ceramide stimulates a cytosolic protein phosphatase J. Biol. Chem. 267(8),5048-5051(1992).
2. Cai, Z., Bettaieb, A., El Mahdani, N., et al. Alteration of the sphingomyelin/ceramide pathway is associated with resistance of human breast carcinoma MCF7 cells to tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated cytotoxicity J. Biol. Chem. 272(11),6918-6926(1997).
3. Dobrowsky, R.T., Kamibayashi, C., Mumby, M.C., et al. Ceramide activates heterotrimeric protein phosphatase 2A J. Biol. Chem. 268(21),15523-15530(1993).
4. Gudz, T.I., Tserng, K.Y., and Hoppel, C.L. Direct inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III by cell-permeable ceramide J. Biol. Chem. 272(39),24154-24158(1997).
5. Santana, P., Llanes, L., Hernandez, I., et al. Interleukin-1β stimulates sphingomyelin hydrolysis in cultured granulosa cells: Evidence for a regulatory role of ceramide on progesterone and prostaglandin biosynthesis Endocrinology 137(6),2480-2489(1996).
6. Augé, N., Andrieu, N., Nègre-Salvayre, A., et al. The sphingomyelin-ceramide signaling pathway is involved in oxidized low density lipoprotein-induced cell proliferation J. Biol. Chem. 271(32),19251-19255(1996).
7. Posse de Chaves, E.I., Bussière, M., Vance, D.E., et al. Elevation of ceramide within distal neurites inhibits neurite growth in cultured rat sympathetic neurons J. Biol. Chem. 272(4),2038-3035(1997).
