Chemical Properties
White Solid
Uses
Anti-inflammatory; analgesic
Definition
ChEBI: A monocarboxylic acid that is (S)-hydratropic acid substituted at position 3 on the phenyl ring by a benzoyl group. A cyclooxygenase inhibitor, it is used to relieve short-term pain, such as muscular pain, dental pain and dysmenorrhoea.
Biological Activity
(s)-ketoprofen, a dual cox1/2 inhibitor, can be used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug to treat arthritis-related inflammatory pains. ketoprofen is photolabile and undergoes degradation when irradiated by sunlight to induce various skin diseases [1].
in vitro
the combination of uvb irradiation with ketoprofen dose-dependently induced the cytotoxicity and suppressed dna synthesis in hacat cells. uvb-irradiated kp inhibited the cell growth and induced g2/m cell cycle arrest by regulating the levels of cdc2, cyclin b1, chk1, tyr15-phosphorylated cdc2 and p21. the dapi staining results has revealed that kp accentuated the apoptotic response to uvb radiation in hacat cells [1].
in vivo
in a placebo-controlled, double-blind study in the rhesus monkeys macaca mulatta with periodontal disease, administeration of kp at 1% level in suitable topical vehicles to the gingiva once daily at a standard dose of 1.8 ml per monkey for 6 months effectively inhibited gcf-ltb4 and gcf-pge2 and positively altered alveolar bone activity [2]. ketoprofen at a dose of 3.63 mg/kg bwt (phenylbutazone equimolar dose) showed significant analgesic effects and reduced hoof pain and lameness to a greater extent [3]. treatment with ketoprofen (40 and 80 mg/kg diet) greatly reduced the incidence of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder by >70% from that seen in dietary mice [4].
Drug interactions
Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
ACE inhibitors and angiotensin-II antagonists:
antagonism of hypotensive effect; increased risk of
nephrotoxicity and hyperkalaemia
Analgesics: avoid concomitant use of 2 or more
NSAIDs, including aspirin (increased side effects);avoid with ketorolac (increased risk of side effects
and haemorrhage).
Antibacterials: possibly increased risk of convulsions
with quinolones
Anticoagulants: effects of coumarins and
phenindione enhanced; possibly increased risk of
bleeding with heparins, dabigatran and edoxaban -
avoid long term use with edoxaban
Antidepressants: increased risk of bleeding with
SSRIs and venlaflaxine.
Antidiabetic agents: effects of sulphonylureas enhanced.
Antiepileptics: possibly increased phenytoin
concentration.
Antivirals: increased risk of haematological toxicity
with zidovudine; concentration possibly increased by
ritonavir.
Ciclosporin: may potentiate nephrotoxicity.
Cytotoxics: reduced excretion of methotrexate;
increased risk of bleeding with erlotinib.
Diuretics: increased risk of nephrotoxicity;
antagonism of diuretic effect, hyperkalaemia with
potassium-sparing diuretics.
Lithium: excretion decreased.
Pentoxifylline: increased risk of bleeding
Probenecid: excretion reduced by probenecid.
Tacrolimus: increased risk of nephrotoxicity
Metabolism
Dexketoprofen is the S-enantiomer of ketoprofen.The
main elimination route for dexketoprofen is glucuronide
conjugation in the liver followed by renal excretion.
References
[1]. liu s, mizu h, yamauchi h. molecular response to phototoxic stress of uvb-irradiated ketoprofen through arresting cell cycle in g2/m phase and inducing apoptosis[j]. biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2007, 364(3): 650-655.
[2]. li k l, vogel r, jeffcoat m k, et al. the effect of ketoprofen creams on periodontal disease in rhesus monkeys[j]. journal of periodontal research, 1996, 31(8): 525-532.
[3]. owens j g, kamerling s g, stanton s r, et al. effects of ketoprofen and phenylbutazone on chronic hoof pain and lameness in the horse[j]. equine veterinary journal, 1995, 27(4): 296-300.
[4]. hawk e t, kelloff g j, mccormick d l. differential activity of aspirin, ketoprofen and sulindac as cancer chemopreventive agents in the mouse urinary bladder[j]. carcinogenesis, 1996, 17(5): 1435-1438.
