General Description
A clear colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Very slightly soluble in water. Density 6.40 lb/gal (less than water) Vapors heavier than air. Flash point 152°F. Difficult to ignite. Moderately toxic. Contact with liquid may cause a chemical burn. Vapors may irritate respiratory tract. Used in the manufacture of rubber, resins, and dyes.
Reactivity Profile
DI-N-AMYLAMINE(2050-92-2) neutralizes acids to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
Air & Water Reactions
Flammable. Sensitive to air and heat. Slightly soluble in water.
Health Hazard
TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
Fire Hazard
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
Chemical Properties
colourless liquid
Chemical Properties
Diamylamine is a relatively strong base and forms salts with acids. Its vapors can
form explosive mixtures with air.
Uses
Di-n-amylamine is manufactured from amyl chloride and
ammonia. It is used in organic syntheses and as a solvent,
rubber accelerator, flotation reagent, and corrosion
inhibitor.
Production Methods
Diamylamine is manufactured by the same processes as n-amylamine by reaction
of amyl chloride with ammonia and then separated from the amylenes and amyl
alcohol by steam distillation (Hawley 1977). It also can be synthesized by
amination of alkyl halides at high temperature and pressure (Schweizer et al 1978).
The commercial product may be a mixture of amyl isomers (HSDB 1989).
Industrial uses
Diamylamine is less widely used than n-amylamine with only 20 tons being
manufactured in the U.S. in 1976. Its most widespread use is as a corrosion
inhibitor and rubber accelerator (Hawley 1977). It is also useful as a solvent for
oils, resins, and some cellulose esters. Introduction of the amyl group imparts oil
solubility to otherwise oil-insoluble substances. Diamylamine also is used in
flotation reagents, dyestuffs and as a cockroach repellent (HSDB 1989).
Metabolism
In contrast to n-amylamine, little information is available on diamylamine metabolism,
particularly with respect to its suitability as a substrate for the amine
oxidases. Generally, the rate of oxidation of secondary amines by monoamine
oxidase is slower than that of primary amines (Beard and Noe 1981). In agreement,
Yamada et al (1965) demonstrated that crystalline amine oxidase prepared
from Aspergillus niger oxidized diamylamine very slowly with respect to n-amylamine.
As with other secondary aliphatic amines, the propensity of diamylamine to
form nitrosamines is of interest. It has been shown that treatment of diamylamine
with nitrous acid in dilute aqueous solution gave optimum nitrosamine formation
between pH 1 and 3, corresponding to stomach conditions (Sander et al 1968).
When rats were fed a diet supplemented with sodium nitrite and secondary amines
of low basicity, synthesis of nitrosamines in the stomach was observed. Malignant
tumors arising through formation of nitrosamines in the stomach was demonstrated
only when nitrite was present in the stomach concomitantly with secondary
amines which readily formed carcinogenic nitrosamines.
