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Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are newly identified endogenous lipids regulated by fasting and high-fat feeding and associated with insulin sensitivity. Structurally, these esters are comprised of a C-16 or C-18 fatty acid (e.g., palmitoleic, palmitic, oleic, or stearic acid) linked to a hydroxylated C-16 or C-18 lipid. 9-PAHPA is a FAHFA in which palmitic acid is esterified to 9-hydroxy palmitic acid. Among the FAHFA family members, PAHSAs are the most abundant in the adipose tissue of glucose tolerant AG4OX mice, which overexpress the Glut4 glucose transporter specifically in adipose tissue. As other FAHFAs improve glucose tolerance, stimulate insulin secretion, and have anti-inflammatory effects, 9-PAHPA may be a bioactive lipid with roles in metabolic syndrome and inflammation.

9-PAHPA is a fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acid (FAHFA). FAHFAs are a new family of endogenous lipids, have antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects[1].

Human Endogenous Metabolite

[1] Melha Benlebna, et al. Long-term high intake of 9-PAHPA or 9-OAHPA increases basal metabolism and insulin sensitivity but disrupts liver homeostasis in healthy mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2020 May;79:108361. DOI:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108361