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Bis-Mal-Lysine-PEG4-TFP ester contains two malimide end groups which can react with thiol groups from pH 6.5 to 7.5 to form thiolester bonds. The TFP ester can react with primary amine groups and is also less susceptible to undergo hydrolysis compared to NHS ester. The hydrophilic PEG linker increases the compound's water solubility in aqueous environments.