Description
Pemirolast potassium is a new potent antiallergic mast cell stabilizer with a similar
mechanism to sodium cromoglycate. Its main indication is bronchial asthma. Another
indication under investigation is as a gastroprotective agent.
Chemical Properties
Crystalline Solid
Originator
Bristol-Myers Squibb (U.S.A.)
Uses
Inhibitor of chemical mediator release from tissue mast cells. Antiallergic
Uses
Pemirolast potassium (BMY 26517) is a histamine H1 antagonist and mast cell stabilizer that acts as an antiallergic agent
Manufacturing Process
Ferrous nitrate hexahydrate (60 mg) followed by sodium (4.5 g, 0.196 gatom) were added to liquid ammonia. To this mixture was added a solution of 3-methylpyridine (10.0 g, 0.093 mole) in N,N-dimethylaniline (21 ml) over a period of 5 min. The ammonia was allowed to evaporate and the residue heated under nitrogen by means of an oil bath maintained at 180°C for 18 h. The cooled residue was treated with ice (50 g) followed by 2 N sodium hydroxide (50 ml). The mixture was triturated for 2 h and then filtered. The collected solid was washed with boiling toluene (2 times 100 ml). The toluene layer was separated from the combined filtrate and washings, concentrated to about 50 ml and extracted with 5% aqueous acetic acid (5 times 20 ml). The combined extracts were filtered and reduced to dryness. The residue was recrystallized from methylcyclohexane to give 2-amino-3-methylpyridine acetate (4.9 g, 29%), melting point 85°-95°C. The acetate (2.5 g, 1.37 mmoles) was briefly suspended in 1 N sodium hydroxide (50 ml). The mixture was extracted with methylene chloride. The extract was washed with water, dried, and concentrated to give 2-amino-3-methylpyridine as an oil.
A solution of 2-amino-3-methylpyridine (5.0 g, 0.0462 mole) and ethyl ethoxymethylenecyanoacetate (7.82 g, 0.0462 mole) in toluene (4 ml) was heated for 15 min by means of an oil bath maintained at 100°C. The solution was cooled and the crude product (9.1 g, 85%) collected by filtration. The product was recrystallized from 2-propanol to give an analytical sample of ethyl 2-cyano-3-(3-methyl-2-pyridylamino)acrylate, melting point 144°146°C.
Aluminum chloride (3.51 g, 0.0263 mole) was added to cold (-30°C) tetrahydrofuran (180 ml). Sodium azide (5.12 g, 0.0788 mole) was added and the mixture heated under reflux for 30 min. The mixture was cooled to 5°C. Ethyl 2-cyano-3-(3-methyl-2-pyridylamino)acrylate (5.0 g, 0.0216 mole) was added and the mixture heated under reflux for 18 h. The tetrahydrofuran was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with ice water (100 ml) and acidified to pH 3 with 6 N hydrochloric acid. The mixture was filtered and the collected solid recrystallized from N,N-dimethylformamide to give the 9-methyl-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one (2.5 g, 50.7%). Melting point 310°-311°C, dec.
Potassium hydroxide was added dropwise to a stirred mixture of 9-methyl-3(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one in water .The mixture was diluted with water to a volume of about 300 ml and was then heated to a temperature of 50°C during 2 min. The mixture was filtered and the water removed from the filtrate by lyophilization. The residue was recrystallized from water:ethanol to give the 9-methyl-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-pyrido[1,2
2632 a]pyrimidin-4-one potassium salt
Brand name
Alamast (Sanofi Winthrop);Pemilaston;Alegysal.
Therapeutic Function
Antiallergic, Antiulcer
General Description
Pemirolast potassium, 9-methyl-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4Hpyrido[1, 2- ]pyrimidin-4-one potassium (Alamast), is ayellow, water-soluble powder. It can be considered an analogof one portion of the cromolyn structure in which thecarboxyl group has been replaced with an isosteric tetrazolemoiety. Pemirolast is indicated for the prevention ofitching of the eye caused by allergic conjunctivitis. Thecommercial preparation is available as a 0.1% sterile ophthalmicsolution for topical administration to the eyes.Each milliliter of this solution contains 1 mg of pemirolastpotassium, as well as the preservative lauralkonium chloride(0.005%), and glycerin, phosphate buffers,and sodium hydroxide to maintain a solution pH of8.0. The solution has an osmolality of 240 mOsm/L. Therecommended dose is 1 to 2 drops instilled into each affectedeye 4 times a day. This drug product is for ocularadministration only and not for injection or oral use andshould be used with caution during pregnancy or whilenursing.
