Xanthohumol is a natural prenylated chalcone isolated from the hop plant, H. lupulus. Xanthohumol and its metabolites induce protective detoxification enzymes, at least in part via the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 pathway. It inhibits phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (IC50 = 6.6 μM) but not PKC in an in vitro assay. Xanthohumol also can have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, and osteogenic effects.