LYNGBYATOXIN A is a potent nematocide and acaricide produced by Streptoverticillium strains, first reported in 1960. LYNGBYATOXIN A is a potent activator of protein kinase C, and also a tumour promoting agent and inducer of colony-stimulating factors. More recently, LYNGBYATOXIN A has been shown to regulate the expression of several genes. To date, the lack of availability of teleocidin has meant the truncated teleocidin-like (-)indolactam has been used to mimic teleocidin cellular responses.