Тетрадекан

Химические свойства

Tetradecane, C14H30, is a colorless liquid with moderate explosive potential and specific gravity 0.763. It occurs naturally in crude oil and in chickpea seeds, nectarines, and kiwi-fruit flowers. It may be released to the environment during its production and use, in the exhaust of motor vehicles, and in the effluent of landfills and industrial processes.

Использование

Tetradecane, often as a mixture with other straight-chain alkanes, is used as building block for detergents and animal feeds, and as a solvent and distillation chaser.

Методы производства

Tetradecane is isolated from kerosene and gas oil fractions of crude oil by selective adsorption followed by fractional distillation.

Общее описание

Colorless liquid. Must be preheated before ignition can occur.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Insoluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as Tetradecane, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, they burn exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water.

Опасность

A fire hazard. Lower flammable limit in air 0.5%.

Угроза здоровью

ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: Explosion hazard: Moderate, in the form of vapor when exposed.

Канцерогенность

Tetradecane is a cocarcinogen and tumor promoter in two-stage experiments of benzo[a]pyrene carcinogenicity in mice.

Методы очистки

Wash it successively with 4M H2SO4 and water. Dry it over MgSO4 and distil it several times under reduced pressure [Po. et al. J Am Chem Soc 108 5459 1986]. It is used as a standard in gas chromatography. [Beilstein 1 H 171, 1 IV 520.]