КАРБОНИЛ НИКЕЛЯ
- английское имяNICKEL CARBONYL
- CAS №13463-39-3
- CBNumberCB5739929
- ФормулаC4NiO4
- мольный вес170.73
- EINECS236-669-2
- номер MDLMFCD00016250
- файл Mol13463-39-3.mol
химическое свойство
| Температура плавления | -19°C |
| Температура кипения | 43°C |
| плотность | 1,32 g/cm3 |
| давление пара | 321 mmHg at 20 °C |
| Fp | <-20°C |
| растворимость | insoluble in H2O; soluble in ethanol, benzene,acetone, ctc |
| форма | liquid |
| цвет | colorless |
| Запах | Sooty odor detectable at 0.5 to 3 ppm |
| Растворимость в воде | soluble in ~5000 parts air free H2O; soluble alcohol, benzene, chloroform, acetone, CCl4 [MER06] |
| Чувствительный | heat sensitive |
| Пределы воздействия | TLV-TWA: 0.05 ppm (0.35 mg as Ni/m3)
(ACGIH) PEL: 0.001 ppm (0.007 mg Ni/m3) (OSHA, MSHA and NIOSH) IDLH: 0.001 ppm (NIOSH, OSHA). |
| Стабильность | Stable. Highly flammable and highly reactive. Explosion hazard. |
| Рейтинг продуктов питания EWG | 6 |
| FDA UNII | 1ZYL78UWZN |
| Предложение 65 Список | Nickel Carbonyl |
| Система регистрации веществ EPA | Nickel carbonyl (13463-39-3) |
| Коды опасности | F,T+,N | |||||||||
| Заявления о рисках | 11-26-40-50/53-61 | |||||||||
| Заявления о безопасности | 45-53-60-61 | |||||||||
| РИДАДР | 1259 | |||||||||
| OEB | E | |||||||||
| OEL | TWA: 0.001 ppm (0.007 mg/m3) | |||||||||
| Температура самовоспламенения | Explodes above 60 °C | |||||||||
| Класс опасности | 6.1(a) | |||||||||
| Группа упаковки | I | |||||||||
| Банк данных об опасных веществах | 13463-39-3(Hazardous Substances Data) | |||||||||
| Токсичность | LD50 in rats (mg/kg): 39 i.p.; 63 s.c.; 66 i.v. (Hackett, Sunderman) | |||||||||
| ИДЛА | 2 ppm | |||||||||
| NFPA 704: |
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рисовальное письмо(GHS)
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рисовальное письмо(GHS)
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сигнальный язык
опасность
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вредная бумага
H335：Может вызывать раздражение верхних дыхательных путей.
H314：При попадании на кожу и в глаза вызывает химические ожоги.
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оператор предупредительных мер
P261：Избегать вдыхания пыли/ дыма/ газа/ тумана/ паров/ аэрозолей.
P264：После работы тщательно вымыть кожу.
P271：Использовать только на открытом воздухе или в хорошо вентилируемом помещении.
P280：Использовать перчатки/ средства защиты глаз/ лица.
P301+P330+P331：ПРИ ПРОГЛАТЫВАНИИ: Прополоскать рот. Не вызывать рвоту!
P303+P361+P353：ПРИ ПОПАДАНИИ НА КОЖУ (или волосы): Снять/удалить немедленно всю загрязненную одежду. Промыть кожу водой.
P304+P340+P310：ПРИ ВДЫХАНИИ: Свежий воздух, покой. Немедленно обратиться за медицинской помощью.
P305+P351+P338+P310：ПРИ ПОПАДАНИИ В ГЛАЗА: Осторожно промыть глаза водой в течение нескольких минут. Снять контактные линзы, если Вы ими пользуетесь и если это легко сделать. Продолжить промывание глаз. Немедленно обратиться за медицинской помощью.
P363：Перед повторным использованием выстирать загрязненную одежду.
P403+P233：Хранить в хорошо вентилируемом месте в плотно закрытой/герметичной таре.
P405：Хранить в недоступном для посторонних месте.
P501：Удалить содержимое/ контейнер на утвержденных станциях утилизации отходов.
КАРБОНИЛ НИКЕЛЯ химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Nickel carbonyl is a clear colourless to yellow volatile liquid, is flammable, and burns with a yellow flame. It is denser than water and insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol, benzene, chloroform, acetone, ethanol, carbon tetrachloride, and nitric acid. The vapours are heavier than air. In industries, nickel carbonyl is used in nickel coat steel and other metals and to make very pure nickel. Nickel carbonyl gets peroxidised by air as a solid deposit and decomposes to ignite.Химические свойства
Nickel carbonyl is a colorless, highly volatile, flammable liquid with a musty odor. The Odor Threshold is 1.3 ppm. It decomposes above room temperature producing carbon monoxide and finely divided nickel.Физические свойства
Colorless volatile liquid; diamagnetic; flammable; burns with a bright luminous flame; density 1.319 g/mL; freezes at -25°C; boils at 43°C; vapor pressure 320.6 torr at 20°C; vapor density 5.89 (air=1); critical temperature about 200°C; critical pressure 30 atm; practically insoluble in water, 180 mg/L at 10°C; miscible with most organic solvents including ethanol, acetone, and benzene; soluble in nitric acid and aqua regia.История
Nickel tetracarbonyl was prepared first in 1888 by Mond and Langer by passing carbon monoxide over finely divided nickel. It is the most important zero valent compound of nickel and is used industrially to make high-purity nickel powder and pellets and to produce nickel coatings on steel.Использование
Nickel carbonyl is used in nickel vapoplating processes in the metallurgical and electronics industry, and in the catalytic methyl- and ethylacrylate monomer synthesis. For many years it had been used to produce pure nickel by the Mond process, which has been considered to be outdated since around 1970.Определение
nickel carbonyl: A colourlessvolatile liquid, Ni(CO)4; m.p.-25°C;b.p. 43°C. It is formed by direct combinationof nickel metal with carbonmonoxide at 50–60°C. The reaction isreversed at higher temperatures, andthe reactions are the basis of theMond process for purifying nickel.The nickel in the compound has anoxidation state of zero, and the compoundis a typical example of a complexwith pi-bonding ligands, inwhich filled d-orbitals on the nickeloverlap with empty p-orbitals on thecarbon.Подготовка
Nickel tetracarbonyl is made by passing carbon monoxide over finely divided nickel at 50 to 100°C. (The finely divided nickel is obtained from reduction of nickel oxide by hydrogen below 400°C.) Ni + 4CO → Ni(CO)4In several commercial processes the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 200°C under 400 atm carbon monoxide pressure for obtaining high yield of nickel tetracarbonyl and also to prevent thermal dissociation.
Nickel tetracarbonyl may be prepared in the laboratory by the Hieber process, a disproportion reaction of several nickel compounds of organic thio acids, such as nickel(II) phenyldithiocarbamate, (C6H5—NH—C(=S)—S)2Ni, with carbon monoxide under controlled conditions. In such disproportionation reactions, the divalent nickel ion converts to a tetravalent nickel complex (Hieber. H. 1952. Z.anorg.Chem., 269, pp. 28). The overall reaction is: 2NiII + 4CO → NiIV(complex) + Nio(CO)4.
Методы производства
Nickel carbonyl is produced in a reaction of carbon monoxide and nickel metal. It may also be formed as a by-product in the industrial processes using nickel catalysts, such as coal gasification, crude oil refining, and hydrogenation reactions (293). Conditions for its formation occur in those processes where carbon monoxide is in contact with an active form of nickel under conditions of elevated pressure at 50–150°C.Общее описание
A clear colorless to yellow liquid. Boiling point 43°C. Flash point below 0°F. Very toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Carcinogenic. Denser than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. Used to nickel coat steel and other metals and to make very pure nickel.Реакции воздуха и воды
Highly flammable over a wide range of vapor-air concentrations. Is peroxidized by air to give a solid deposit that tends to decompose and ignite. Insoluble in water.Профиль реактивности
NICKEL CARBONYL is easily oxidized. Presents a very serious fire hazard if exposed to heat, flame, sparks, oxidizing agents. Explodes when heated to about 60°C. Reacts explosively with bromine (liquid), oxygen in the presence of mercury, or hydrocarbons (butane) mixed with oxygen. Undergoes violent reactions with air, oxygen, dinitrogen tetraoxide. Caused an explosion when added to an n-butane-oxygen at 20-40°C [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 70:2055-6. 1948]. Reacts with tetrachloropropadiene to form an extremely explosive dinickel chloride dimer. Emits highly toxic fumes of carbon monoxide when heated to decomposition or in contact with mineral acids or acid fumes [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 1734]. Vapor explodes in air or oxygen at 20°C and a partial pressure of 15 mm.Опасность
Flammable, dangerous fire risk, explodes at 60C (140F). A lung irritant and confirmed carcinogen.Угроза здоровью
Probable oral lethal dose for a human is between 50 and 500 mg/kg, between one teaspoon and one ounce per 150 lb. person. NICKEL CARBONYL has also been estimated to be lethal in man at atmospheric exposures of 30 ppm for 20 minutes. Autopsies show congestion, collapse, and tissue destruction, as well as hemorrhage in the brain. Dermatitis, recurrent asthmatic attacks, and increased number of white blood cells (eosinophils) in respiratory tract are acute health hazards. NICKEL CARBONYL is poisonous. It can be fatal if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin. Vapors may cause irritation, congestion, and edema of lungs.Пожароопасность
Nickel carbonyl is a highly flammable liquid (NFPA rating = 3) that may ignite spontaneously and explodes when heated above 60℃. Its lower flammable limit in air is 2% by volume; the upper limit has not been reported. Carbon dioxide, water, or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for nickel carbonyl fires.Воспламеняемость и взрывоопасность
Nickel carbonyl is a highly flammable liquid (NFPA rating = 3) that may ignite spontaneously and explodes when heated above 60 °C. Its lower flammable limit in air is 2% by volume; the upper limit has not been reported. Carbon dioxide, water, or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for nickel carbonyl fires.Возможный контакт
Nickel carbonyl is used as an intermediate product in the refining of nickel. The primary use for nickel carbonyl is in the production of nickel by the Mond process. Impure nickel powder is reacted with carbon monoxide to form gaseous nickel carbonyl which is then treated to deposit high purity metallic nickel and release carbon monoxide. Other uses include gas plating; the production of nickel products; in chemical synthesis as a catalyst, particularly for oxo reactions (addition reaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide with unsaturated hydrocarbons to form oxygen-function compounds); e.g., synthesis of acrylic esters; and as a reactant.хранилище
Work with nickel carbonyl should be conducted in a fume hood to prevent exposure by inhalation and splash goggles and impermeable gloves should be worn at all times to prevent eye and skin contact. Nickel carbonyl should only be used in areas free of ignition sources. Containers of nickel carbonyl should be stored in secondary containers in the dark in areas separate from oxidizers.Перевозки
UN1259 Nickel carbonyl, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, 3-Flammable liquid, Inhalation Hazard Zone A. A United States DOT Severe Marine Pollutant.Несовместимости
May spontaneously ignite on contact with air. In the presence of air, oxidizes and forms a deposit which becomes peroxidized; this tends to decompose and ignite. May explode when heated above 60 C. Decomposes on contact with acids producing carbon monoxide. Violent reaction with oxidizers; may cause fire and explosions. Vapor may promote the ignition of mixtures of combustible vapors (such as gasoline) and air. Attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings. Store under inert gas blanket.Утилизация отходов
Incineration in admixture with a flammable solvent. Also, nickel carbonyl used in metallizing operations may be recovered and recycled. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.КАРБОНИЛ НИКЕЛЯ запасные части и сырье
запасной предмет