Нитрохлороводородная кислота

Химические свойства

Aqua regia, also known as nitrohydrochloric acid and chloroazoatic acid, is a fuming,volatile liquid that is made by mixing three parts concentrated hydrochloric acid with one part concentrated nitric acid.It is very corrosive with a suffocating odor and reacts with all metals. Aqua regia typically reacts by oxidizing the metal to a metallicion and reducing the nitric acid to nitric oxide.Its reaction with silver produces silver chloride. Aquaregia dissolves the common metallic oxides and hydroxides, the ignited oxides of tin, aluminum,chromium, and iron, and the higher oxides of lead, cobalt,nickel,and manganese. It is used for testing gold and platinum.

Использование

Metallurgy, testing metals, dissolving metals.

Определение

A mixture of concentrated nitric acid and three to four parts of hydrochloric acid. It dissolves all metals including gold, hence the name. The mixture contains chlorine and NOCl (nitrosyl chloride).

Общее описание

A yellow liquid with a pungent odor prepared by mixing nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, usually in a ratio of one part of nitric acid to three or four parts of hydrochloric acid. Fumes are irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. Corrosive to metals and to tissue. Density 14.7 lb /gal.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Fumes in air. Soluble in water with release of heat.

Профиль реактивности

Nitrohydrochloric acid is a powerful oxidizing agent and a strong acid. Reacts exothermically with chemical bases (for example: amines and inorganic hydroxides) to form salts and water. Reacts with most metals, including gold and platinum, to dissolve them with generation of toxic and/or flammable gases. Can initiate polymerization in polymerizable organic compounds. Reacts with cyanide salts to generate toxic hydrogen cyanide gas. Generates flammable and/or toxic gases with dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, nitriles, sulfides, and weak or strong reducing agents. Additional exothermic gas-generating reactions occur with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), and carbonates (CO2).

Опасность

A powerful oxidizer, toxic, corrosive liquid.

Угроза здоровью

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

Пожароопасность

Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Vapors may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

Сельскохозяйственное использование

Aqua regia is an extremely effective oxidizing solvent, capable of dissolving metals like gold and platinum. It is made of a mixture of one part concentrated nitric acid and three parts hydrochloric acid.