1-Nitropyrene

Описание

1-Nitropyrene (1-NP) is a nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and a byproduct of incomplete combustion product from stationary combustion sources and in vehicle exhaust fumes.

Химические свойства

1-Nitropyrene is a synthetic, light sensitive, yellow to orange-brown crystalline solid that is practically insoluble in water and soluble in diethyl ether, acetone, ethanol, benzene and toluene. It is not used for any commercial applications and is used only for research purposes, principally as a marker for exposure to nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from diesel exhaust.

прикладной

1-Nitropyrene has been reported to use as a chemical photosensitizer in photocopy toners. It is available for research purposes as a reference material with different purities. ?

Подготовка

The synthesis of 1-nitropyrene by heating pyrene with nitric acid in acetic acid at 50 °C (Boit, 1965). 1-Nitropyrene was also produced in a mixture with dinitropyrenes following the addition of potassium nitrite to pyrene in diethyl ether (Prager & Jacobson, 1922).

Определение

ChEBI: 1-nitropyrene is a nitroarene that is pyrene substituted at the 1-position by a nitro group. A by-product of combustion, it is the predominant nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emitted in a diesel engine. It has a role as a carcinogenic agent. It derives from a hydride of a pyrene.

Общее описание

Yellow needles or prisms (from ethanol).

Реакции воздуха и воды

Insoluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

1-Nitropyrene may be sensitive to prolonged exposure to light. Reacts with ethanolic potassium hydroxide. Also reacts with zinc powder and ethanol with catalytic amounts of ammonium chloride or ammonia .

Угроза здоровью

ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: When heated to decomposition 1-Nitropyrene emits toxic fumes of NOx.

Пожароопасность

Flash point data for 1-Nitropyrene are not available; however, 1-Nitropyrene is probably combustible.

Канцерогенность

1-Nitropyrene is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogenbased on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.

Экологическая судьба

1-NP creates yellow needles in ethanol, and it has a melting point of 155 ℃. It is partially insoluble in water (0.02 mg l^-1, 25 ℃); very soluble in diethyl ether; and soluble in acetone, ethanol, benzene, toluene, and tetrahydrofluorenone.
1-NP upon an estimated Koc value (soil adsorption coefficient normalized to the content of organic carbon) of 13 500 is immobile in soil and adsorb to sediment and solids from water. According to Henry’s law constant of 2.5× 10^-8 atmcum mol1 and vapor pressure (8.3 ×10^-8 mmHg at 25℃) volatilization from moist soil surfaces and water is not an important fate process. It is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Adsorptions to the particulate phase cause occurring photolysis in lower rate and decompose by wet and dry deposition. An estimated bioconcentration factor of 4100 suggests that its concentration in aquatic organisms is very high.