Dibromochloromethane

Химические свойства

clear light yellow to orange liquid

Использование

A volatile halogenated methane present in trace amounts in drinking water as a result of the water treatment process. It is useful as chain transfer agents in PVC polymerization.

Общее описание

Clear colorless to yellow-orange liquid. Density 2.451 g / cm3. No flash point.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Insoluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

CHLORODIBROMOMETHANE is incompatible with strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and magnesium

Угроза здоровью

Chlorodibromomethane is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant at extremely high concentrations; it is toxic to the liver and kidneys of rodents and induces hepatocellular tumors in mice after long-term exposure.
In animal studies, the oral LD50 typically ranges between 800 and 1200 mg/kg.1,2 Acute signs of intoxication include sedation, flaccid muscle tone, ataxia, and prostration; death is due to CNS depression. In cases in which death does not occur until several days after acute exposure, hepatic and renal injury may be the cause of death.

Пожароопасность

CHLORODIBROMOMETHANE is probably combustible.

Профиль безопасности

Moderately toxic by ingestion. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data. Human mutation data reported. Compounds of this type are generally irritating and narcotic. See also BROMOFORM and CHLOROFORM. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cland Br-.

Возможный контакт

Dibromochloromethane is used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of fire extinguishing agents; aerosol propellants; refrigerants, and pesticides. Dibromochloromethane has been detected in drinking water in the United States. It is believed to be formed by the haloform reaction that may occur during

Экологическая судьба

Biological. Dibromochloromethane showed significant degradation with gradual adaptation in a static-culture flask-screening test (settled domestic wastewater inoculum) conducted at 25 °C. At concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L, percent losses after 4 wk of incubation were 39 and 25, respectively. At a substrate concentration of 5 mg/L, 16% was lost due to volatilization after 10 d (Tabak et al., 1981).
Surface Water. The estimated volatilization half-life of dibromochloromethane from rivers and streams is 45.9 h (Kaczmar et al., 1984).
Photolytic. Water containing 2,000 ng/μL of dibromochloromethane and colloidal platinum catalyst was irradiated with UV light. After 20 h, dibromochloromethane degraded to 80 ng/μL bromochloromethane, 22 ng/μL methyl chloride, and 1,050 ng/μL methane. A duplicate experiment was performed but 1 g zinc was added. After about 1 h, total degradation was achieved. Presumed transformation products include methane, bromide, and chloride ions (Wang and Tan, 1988).
Chemical/Physical. The estimated hydrolysis half-life in water at 25 °C and pH 7 is 274 yr (Mabey and Mill, 1978). Hydrogen gas was bubbled in an aqueous solution containing 18.8 μmol dibromochloromethane. After 24 h, only 18% of the dibromochloromethane reacted to form methane and minor traces of ethane. In the presence of colloidal platinum catalyst, the reaction proceeded at a much faster rate forming the same end products (Wang et al., 1988).

Перевозки

UN2810 Toxic liquids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical

Несовместимости

Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explo- sions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, and magnesium.

Утилизация отходов

May be destroyed by high- temperature incinerator equipped with an HCl scrubber.