Pyrogallol: A Multifaceted Chemical Compound

Pyrogallol is an intestinal microbial metabolite of mango polyphenols, which is well reported for its antiproliferative activities against many types of cancers. Its major anticancer mechanism involves the induction of apoptosis as O2 overproduction and cell inhibition via stimulating DNA fragmentation and triggering apoptosis.

Pyrogallol, one of the compounds extracted from EO, inhibited the P. aeruginosa-dependent expression of these pro-inflammatory genes similarly to the whole EO extract, whereas a second compound purified from EO, namely 5-hydroxy-isoquinoline, had no effect. These results identify Pyrogallol as an active compound responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of EO and suggest to extend the investigation in pre-clinical studies in airway animal models in vivo, to test the efficacy and safety of this molecule in CF chronic lung inflammatory disease. Alkaline solutions of pyrogallol absorb oxygen efficiently and are used in determining the oxygen content of gas mixtures.

Toxity

Pyrogallol-containing hair gels were not mutagenic in an Ames test, with and without metabolic activation, at concentrations ranging from 648 to 5000 μg/plate.

Pyrogallol was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100, with and without metabolic activation, in an Ames test at concentrations ranging from 3 to 333 μg/plate in an Ames test. No mutagenicity was observed in strain TA98.

Pyrogallol was mutagenic in S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 and Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA/pKM101 without metabolic activation. This ingredient was also mutagenic with metabolic activation in the E. coli strain but had equivocal results in the S. typhimurium strains.

Reference

[1] ELENA NICOLIS . Pyrogallol, an active compound from the medicinal plant Emblica officinalis, regulates expression of pro-inflammatory genes in bronchial epithelial cells[J]. International immunopharmacology, 2008, 8 12: Pages 1672-1680. DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2008.08.001.

[2] N. MAHESHWARI    M. C S. Anticancer Properties of Some Selected Plant Phenolic Compounds: Future Leads for Therapeutic Development[J]. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2023, 42: Article 100801. DOI:10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100801.

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