Calcium Phosphate Dibasic: Potential in Dental Medicine and its Enhanced Biocompatibility

General Description

Calcium phosphate dibasic, particularly when synthesized with a hydroxyapatite-like surface, shows remarkable potential in dental medicine and biomedical engineering. In dental applications, it enhances periodontal tissue regeneration by promoting cellular response and osteogenic differentiation, surpassing conventional nanohydroxyapatite in efficacy. Its biocompatibility extends its utility to bone grafts, orthopedic implants, and drug delivery systems, thanks to its ability to integrate seamlessly into the body and support bone growth. Moreover, its customizable morphology opens doors for tailored applications in various medical fields, including bioimaging for improved diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Ultimately, calcium phosphate dibasic represents a significant advancement in regenerative dental medicine with broad implications across multiple disciplines.

Figure 1. Calcium phosphate dibasic

Potential in Dental Medicine

Calcium phosphate dibasic is a bioactive ceramic compound with significant potential in dental medicine, particularly in the realm of periodontal tissue engineering. This compound, when synthesized to have a hydroxyapatite-like surface, exhibits properties that enhance the cellular response of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), which are crucial for tissue regeneration and repair. The novel form of calcium phosphate dibasic aims to improve upon the limitations of traditional bioactive ceramics by providing a conducive surface for cellular attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. In recent studies, calcium phosphate dibasic with a hydroxyapatite-like surface has been applied in nano-sized strips covering core plates to maximize interfacial attachment between the biomaterial and cellular components. This modification is designed to mimic the natural bone environment more closely, which is essential for the successful integration of engineered tissues with native tissues. Research indicates that this innovative approach results in a well-organized matrix distribution and a higher degree of cell proliferation compared to conventional nanohydroxyapatite, another commonly used biomaterial in dental applications. Furthermore, the osteogenic potential of calcium phosphate dibasic has been demonstrated through various assays, including quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence, validated by Alizarin red staining. The results show that, between 14 and 21 days of incubation, calcium phosphate dibasic fosters a significantly higher level of osteogenic marker expression than nanohydroxyapatite. This suggests that calcium phosphate dibasic can effectively support the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, making it a highly promising material for developing regenerative therapies in periodontology. Calcium phosphate dibasic also stands out for its potential in enhancing periodontal regeneration by providing a scaffold that mimics the natural bone mineral phase. This similarity is crucial for the integration of the scaffold with the surrounding tissue, ensuring that the newly formed tissue is robust and functional. The application of calcium phosphate dibasic in dental medicine could revolutionize treatments for periodontal diseases, offering a more effective and biocompatible approach to tissue engineering. This promising biomaterial represents a significant advancement in the field of regenerative dental medicine, setting a new standard for future research and clinical applications. ¹

Enhanced Biocompatibility

Calcium phosphate dibasic, with its refined synthesis featuring a hydroxyapatite-like surface, not only excels in the field of dental medicine but also presents broad possibilities in other areas of biomedical engineering. Beyond its pivotal role in periodontal tissue engineering, this compound offers extensive benefits in the development of bone grafts and orthopedic implants due to its superior biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties. One of the significant advantages of calcium phosphate dibasic is its ability to seamlessly integrate into the human body without causing adverse immune responses. This property makes it an excellent candidate for orthopedic applications where the material can act as a scaffold, promoting bone growth and healing in skeletal defects and injuries. The resemblance of calcium phosphate dibasic to the natural mineral components of bone enhances its effectiveness in facilitating the regeneration of bone tissue, which is essential for successful recovery in fracture healing and orthopedic reconstructive surgeries. Furthermore, calcium phosphate dibasic's customizable morphology allows for tailored applications in various medical fields. Researchers are exploring its use in controlled drug delivery systems where its porous structure can be engineered to release therapeutic agents in a targeted and sustained manner. This aspect could revolutionize how treatments are administered for chronic diseases, providing localized therapy with reduced systemic side effects. Additionally, the potential of calcium phosphate dibasic extends into the realm of bioimaging. Its unique chemical properties can be harnessed to develop contrast agents for enhanced imaging modalities, improving the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of various medical conditions. This multifaceted application underscores the versatility of calcium phosphate dibasic as more than just a dental material but a pivotal player in advancing medical technology and patient care across multiple disciplines. ²

Reference

1. Tansriratanawong K, Wongwan P, Ishikawa H, Nakahara T, Wongravee K. Cellular responses of periodontal ligament stem cells to a novel synthesized form of calcium hydrogen phosphate with a hydroxyapatite-like surface for periodontal tissue engineering. J Oral Sci. 2018; 60(3): 428-437.

2. Rawlings CE 3rd. Modern bone substitutes with emphasis on calcium phosphate ceramics and osteoinductors. Neurosurgery. 1993; 33(5): 935-938.

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