Albuterol sulfate: Clinical Applications, Usage and Side Effects

General Description

Albuterol Sulfate is the sulfate salt of the short-acting sympathomimetic agent albuterol, a 1:1 racemic mixture of (R)-albuterol and (S)-albuterol with bronchodilator activity. It is an ethanolamine sulfate salt and is functionally related to an albuterol.

Mechanism of action

Albuterol stimulates beta2-adrenergic receptors in the lungs, activating the enzyme adenylate cyclase that catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP concentrations relax bronchial smooth muscle, relieve bronchospasms, and reduce inflammatory cell mediator release, especially from mast cells. To a lesser extent, albuterol stimulates beta1-adrenergic receptors, thereby increasing the force and rate of myocardial contraction.

Uses

Albuterol, also known as salbutamol, is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Association (FDA) for treating and preventing acute or severe bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease, including exercise-induced bronchospasm. In the absence of albuterol's bronchodilatory effects, individuals may face the risk of catastrophic asphyxiation. This makes the drug highly desirable to be readily available for individuals experiencing recurrent obstructive airway symptoms, such as asthma.

Side effects

Nervousness, dizziness, shaking (tremor), headache, nausea, mouth/throat dryness or irritation, or unusual taste may occur. Tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly if any of these effects last or get worse.

This medication may raise your blood pressure. Check your blood pressure regularly and tell your doctor if the results are high.

1. Schuh S, Sweeney J, Rumantir M, et al. Effect of Nebulized Magnesium vs Placebo Added to Albuterol on Hospitalization Among Children With Refractory Acute Asthma Treated in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020; 324(20): 2038-2047.

2. Albuterol Sulfate Tablet - Uses, Side Effects, and More. Webmd.

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