人PD-1蛋白, Avitag, His Tag

Biotinylated Human PD-1 / PDCD1 Protein, Avitag™,His Tag (recommended for biopanning) (MALS verified)

分子别名（Synonym）

PDCD1, PD1, CD279, SLEB2

表达区间及表达系统（Source）

Biotinylated Human PD-1 Protein, Avitag,His Tag (PD1-H82E4) is expressed from human 293 cells (HEK293). It contains AA Leu 25 - Gln 167 (Accession # Q15116-1).

Predicted N-terminus: Leu 25

蛋白结构（Molecular Characterization）

This protein carries an Avi tag (Avitag™) at the C-terminus, followed by a polyhistidine tag.

The protein has a calculated MW of 18.6 kDa. The protein migrates as 35-45 kDa when calibrated against Star Ribbon Pre-stained Protein Marker under reducing (R) condition (SDS-PAGE) due to glycosylation.

标记（Labeling）

Biotinylation of this product is performed using Avitag™ technology. Briefly, the single lysine residue in the Avitag is enzymatically labeled with biotin.

蛋白标记度（Protein Ratio）

Passed as determined by the HABA assay / binding ELISA.

应用说明（Application）

PD1-H82E4 works best for experiments that test the binding between PD-1 and candidate antibodies, such as biopanning and other relevant assays.

This product is NOT suitable for testing PD1-PDL1 binding by ELISA. For this type of application, we strongly recommend you to choose PD1-H82F1 as an alternative.

纯度（Purity）

>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

>90% as determined by SEC-MALS.

制剂（Formulation）

Lyophilized from 0.22 μm filtered solution in PBS, pH7.4 with trehalose as protectant.

Contact us for customized product form or formulation.

重构方法（Reconstitution）

Please see Certificate of Analysis for specific instructions.

For best performance, we strongly recommend you to follow the reconstitution protocol provided in the CoA.

存储（Storage）

For long term storage, the product should be stored at lyophilized state at -20°C or lower.

Please avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

This product is stable after storage at:

-20°C to -70°C for 12 months in lyophilized state;

-70°C for 3 months under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

背景介绍

程序性死亡受体1（PD-1），亦称CD279或PDCD1，是一种I型膜蛋白，属于T细胞调节因子CD28/CTLA-4扩展家族成员。该蛋白表达于活化的T细胞、B细胞、巨噬细胞、髓系细胞及部分胸腺细胞表面。PD-1拥有两个B7家族配体：PD-L1和PD-L2。几乎所有小鼠肿瘤细胞系（包括经IFN-γ处理的PA1骨髓瘤、P815肥大细胞瘤及B16黑色素瘤）均表达PD-L1；而PD-L2表达范围较窄，主要存在于树突状细胞（DCs）及少数肿瘤细胞系。

PD-1通过抑制PI3K/AKT通路的激活与信号转导，阻断T细胞增殖及IL-1、IL-4、IL-10和IFN-γ等相关细胞因子的产生。此外，PD-1受体共交联可通过关键信号转导分子的去磷酸化抑制BCR介导的信号传导。体外实验证实，使用PD-L1免疫球蛋白融合蛋白（PD-L1-Ig）处理抗CD3刺激的T细胞，可显著降低T细胞增殖能力与IFN-γ分泌水平。目前基于增强免疫系统原理、靶向PD-1的单克隆抗体疗法正在积极开发中，用于癌症治疗。