GAA抗体;GAA Antibody—艾普蒂

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     All lanes use the Antibody at 1:2K dilution for 1 hour at room temperature.    

  
  

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     Western blot analysis of GAA expression in Human fetal liver lysate.    

  
  

**Background of GAA Antibodies**

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies, sometimes referred to as GAA antibodies (anti-GAD antibodies), are autoantibodies targeting the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase, which catalyzes the conversion of glutamate to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a key inhibitory neurotransmitter. First identified in the 1980s, these antibodies are strongly associated with autoimmune disorders, particularly type 1 diabetes (T1D) and neurological conditions like stiff-person syndrome (SPS). In T1D, anti-GAD antibodies contribute to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, serving as a diagnostic marker alongside other islet autoantibodies. In SPS, they are linked to impaired GABAergic signaling, leading to muscle rigidity and spasms.

Anti-GAD antibodies are detected via immunoassays (e.g., ELISA, radioimmunoassay) and are present in 70-80% of T1D patients at diagnosis. Their role extends beyond diagnostics; elevated titers may correlate with disease progression or specific clinical subtypes. Research also explores their presence in other conditions, including cerebellar ataxia and epilepsy, though mechanisms remain unclear. While their pathogenic role is debated (markers vs. direct effectors), they remain critical in understanding autoimmune pathogenesis and guiding personalized treatments, such as immunotherapy in neurological cases. Ongoing studies aim to clarify their biological impact and therapeutic implications.