Name | Galeterone |
Description | Galeterone (VN 124) is an orally bioavailable small-molecule androgen receptor modulator and CYP17 lyase inhibitor with potential antiandrogen activity. Galeterone exhibits three distinct mechanisms of action: 1) as an androgen receptor antagonist, 2) as a CYP17 lyase inhibitor and 3) by decreasing overall androgen receptor levels in prostate cancer tumors, all of which may result in a decrease in androgen-dependent growth signaling. Localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP17 (P450C17 or CYP17A1) exhibits both 17alpha-hydroxylase and 17, 20-lyase activities, and plays a key role in the steroidogenic pathway that produces progestins, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. |
Cell Research | Cells are seeded in 24 well multi-well plates. Cells are treated with the increasing concentration of Galeterone in steroid free medium with or without 1 nM DHT (LNCaP), or 10 nM DHT (LAPC4) and allowed to grow for 7 days. The number of viable cells is compared by MTT assay (LAPC4) or XTT assay (LNCaP) on the 7th day. (Only for Reference) |
Kinase Assay | In vitro assay of CYP17: The in vitro CYP17 inhibitory activity of Galeterone is evaluated using rapid acetic acid releasing assay (AARA), utilizing intact P450c17-expressing E. coli as the enzyme source. It involves the use of [21-3H]-17α-hydroxypregnenolone as the substrate, and CYP17 activity is measured by the amount of tritiated acetic acid formed during the cleavage of the C-21 side chain of the substrate. IC50 value is obtained directly from plots relating percentage inhibition versus inhibitor concentration over appropriate ranges. |
In vitro | Galeterone在阻止[3H]-R1881与突变LNCaP AR (T877A)的结合方面有效,IC50为845 nM。Galeterone以剂量依赖性方式抑制DHT诱导的LNCaP和LAPC4细胞增殖,其IC50分别为6μM和3.2μM。[1] Galeterone还能抑制[3H]-R1881与PC3细胞中T575A突变AR的结合,IC50为454 nM。Galeterone在没有DHT刺激的情况下强效抑制LNCaP和LAPC4细胞增殖,其IC50分别为2.6μM和4μM。此外,Galeterone治疗以剂量依赖性方式增加AR降解率。[2] Galeterone强效抑制雄激素独立细胞系PC-3和DU-145的增长,以剂量依赖性方式,其GI50分别为7.82μM和7.55μM。Galeterone诱导内质网应激反应,导致cyclin D1蛋白表达下调和cyclin E2 mRNA下调。[3] Galeterone有效抑制HP-LNCaP和C4-2B细胞系的增殖,IC50分别为2.9μM和9.7μM。1μM的Galeterone治疗有效抑制LNCaP细胞(50%)和HP-LNCaP细胞(70%)的雄激素受体激活。Galeterone 1μM和411 nM的IC50分别降低LNCaP细胞和HP-LNCaP细胞的雄激素受体激活,并在24小时治疗后通过50%下调雄激素受体蛋白表达。[4] Galeterone降低AR蛋白和mRNA表达,对抗由雄激素诱导的AR依赖性启动子激活,并显著降低phospho-4EBP1水平。[6] |
In vivo | 给予Galeterone(50 mg/kg,每日两次)极其有效地抑制了依赖雄激素的LAPC4人类前列腺肿瘤异种移植物的生长,与对照组相比,最终平均肿瘤体积减少了93.8%,其效果也明显优于去势手术。[1] 通过每日两次给予Galeterone(0.13 mM/kg)或Galeterone(0.13 mmol/kg)加上去势手术,可以使SCID小鼠体内的LAPC4肿瘤异种移植物分别退缩26.55%和60.67%。Galeterone单独使用或结合去势治疗,分别可使AR蛋白的表达量显著降低10倍和5倍。[2] |
Storage | Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year | Shipping with blue ice. |
Solubility Information | Ethanol : 19.4 mg/mL (50 mM) DMSO : 19.4 mg/mL (50 mM)
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Keywords | CYPs | Cytochrome P450 | inhibit | Galeterone | Inhibitor | TOK001 | VN124 | TOK 001 | VN-124 |
Inhibitors Related | Naringin | 1-Aminobenzotriazole | Fenofibrate | Tauroursodeoxycholate | Flutamide | Methoxsalen | Naringenin | Apigenin | 1-Ethynylnaphthalene | Dehydroisoandrosterone 3-acetate | Tebuconazole | Diflubenzuron |
Related Compound Libraries | Inhibitor Library | Anti-Cancer Active Compound Library | Bioactive Compound Library | Bioactive Compounds Library Max | Anti-Aging Compound Library | Nuclear Receptor Compound Library | Drug Repurposing Compound Library | Anti-Metabolism Disease Compound Library | Anti-Cancer Clinical Compound Library | Anti-Cancer Drug Library |