Rapamycin: Definition, Function, and Applications
Definition: Rapamycin, also known as sirolimus, is a macrocyclic compound originally derived from the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It has potent immunosuppressive properties and is widely used in both clinical and research settings.
Function: Rapamycin works by inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a key regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and survival. By blocking mTOR, rapamycin affects various cellular processes such as protein synthesis, metabolism, and immune response. This makes it an effective agent for preventing organ transplant rejection and controlling certain diseases.
Applications:
1. Organ Transplantation: Used as an immunosuppressant to prevent organ rejection post-transplantation.
2. Cancer Treatment: Investigated for its potential in treating cancers by inhibiting tumor growth.
3. Autoimmune Disorders: Helps in managing diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
4. Anti-Aging Research: Studied for its potential to extend lifespan by modulating cellular aging processes.
5. Drug-Eluting Stents: Incorporated into stents to prevent restenosis (re-narrowing of blood vessels).
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