Specification
| Appearance | white powder |
Assay
| 98%min |
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Piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin is a supramolecular complex (or inclusion complex) formed between the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) piroxicam and beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD). It is not a new drug but an innovative formulation designed to overcome the significant solubility limitations of plain piroxicam.
1. The Components
Piroxicam: A potent NSAID from the oxicam class. It is highly effective for pain and inflammation (e.g., in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis) but is notoriously poorly soluble in water. This leads to slow and unpredictable absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
Beta-Cyclodextrin (β-CD): A cyclic oligosaccharide made up of seven glucose units, forming a cone-shaped molecule with a hydrophobic interior cavity and a hydrophilic exterior.
2. How the Complex Works
The technology involves "host-guest" chemistry:
The hydrophobic piroxicam molecule is physically encapsulated (included) within the hydrophobic cavity of the beta-cyclodextrin ring.
The hydrophilic outer shell of the cyclodextrin masks the poor solubility of the drug, making the entire complex highly water-soluble.
3. Key Advantages and Improved Properties
This formulation offers significant benefits over conventional piroxicam:
Dramatically Enhanced Solubility: This is the primary goal. The complex dissolves rapidly in water.
Faster Absorption and Onset of Action: Due to rapid dissolution, the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream much more quickly. This leads to a faster onset of pain relief.
Improved Bioavailability: A greater proportion of the administered dose reaches the systemic circulation, potentially allowing for lower doses to achieve the same therapeutic effect.
Reduced Local Irritation: By encapsulating the drug, the complex can minimize the direct contact of piroxicam with the stomach mucosa, which may help reduce the incidence and severity of gastric irritation and ulcers, a common side effect of NSAIDs.
4. Clinical Use and Administration
Piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin is typically available as an orally disintegrating tablet or granules that are placed on the tongue and swallowed without water. This administration route leverages the fast-dissolving properties for rapid relief and is convenient for patients.
It is indicated for the short-term treatment of acute painful and inflammatory conditions, such as:
Osteoarthritis flare-ups
Musculoskeletal pain
Post-operative pain
Key Takeaways:
| Feature | Piroxicam | Piroxicam-Beta-Cyclodextrin |
|---|
| Solubility | Very low, poorly soluble | Very high, rapidly soluble |
| Absorption | Slow and variable | Rapid and more predictable |
| Onset of Action | Slow (can take hours) | Fast (within 30 minutes) |
| Formulation | Standard capsule/tablet | Orally disintegrating tablet |
| Primary Use | Chronic inflammation | Acute pain and inflammation |
In summary, piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin is a technologically advanced formulation that uses molecular encapsulation to transform a poorly soluble drug into a fast-acting, effective treatment for acute pain. It is a prime example of how pharmaceutical technology can optimize the properties of existing drugs.
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