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What is LL-37 Peptide?
LL-37 is the only known human Cathelicidin is a big protein family where the members exhibit diverse functions. These peptides, essentially produced by macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (both types of white blood cells), have bactericidal action. They have been found to have shown other substantial effects as well. The entire group is often referred to as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). LL-37 in particular has been found to play significant roles in autoimmune disease, cancer, and wound healing.
Application&Fiction
LL-37, although essentially known to be an antimicrobial peptide, is also involved in different inflammatory diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and atherosclerosis. LL-37 plays diverse immune system modulating behaviors based on the type of cells involved and the local inflammatory environment. It has been observed to:
- reduce apoptotic death of keratinocytes,
- improve IFN-alpha synthesis,
- suppress signaling through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4),
- modify chemotaxis of neutrophils and eosinophils,
- trigger IL-18 production, and
- reduce levels of atherosclerotic plaques.
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