Ferrous Succinate
Synonyms: Iron(II) Succinate, Ferrosuccinate
Molecular Formula: C₄H₄FeO₄
Molecular Weight: 203.82 g/mol
1. Product Description
Ferrous Succinate is an organic iron salt derived from succinic acid. It appears as a reddish-brown to dark brown fine powder, odorless, and slightly soluble in water. It is used as an iron supplement in pharmaceuticals and nutritional products due to its high bioavailability and mild gastrointestinal tolerance compared to inorganic iron salts.
2. Specifications – Food / Pharmaceutical Grade (Typical USP / FCC Standard)
| Item | Specification / Typical Value | Method / Notes |
|---|
| Appearance | Reddish-brown fine powder | Visual |
| Identification | Positive for Fe²⁺ and succinate | USP / FCC |
| Assay (Fe, as Fe²⁺) | 30.0 – 33.0 % | Redox titration |
| Assay (C₄H₄FeO₄) | 97.0 – 102.0 % (on dry basis) | HPLC / Titration |
| Loss on Drying (105 °C) | ≤ 2.0 % | USP |
| Residue on Ignition (Ash) | ≤ 0.1 % | USP |
| pH (1 % aqueous suspension) | 4.0 – 6.0 | 25 °C |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | ≤ 10 ppm | ICP |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤ 2 ppm | ICP |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤ 1 ppm | ICP |
| Cadmium (Cd) | ≤ 1 ppm | ICP |
| Mercury (Hg) | ≤ 0.1 ppm | ICP |
| Chloride (Cl⁻) | ≤ 0.05 % | USP |
| Sulphate (SO₄²⁻) | ≤ 0.05 % | USP |
| Solubility | Slightly soluble in water; insoluble in ethanol | Visual |
| Microbiological Limits | Total plate count ≤ 1000 cfu/g; Yeast & Mold ≤ 100 cfu/g; E. coli, Salmonella negative | ISO / USP |
3. Specifications – Feed / Industrial Grade
| Item | Specification / Typical Value |
|---|
| Appearance | Brown to reddish-brown powder |
| Assay (Fe, as Fe²⁺) | ≥ 28.0 % |
| Moisture | ≤ 3.0 % |
| Water-Insoluble Matter | ≤ 0.5 % |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | ≤ 20 ppm |
Typical Applications:
Feed additive (iron fortification for livestock and poultry)
Intermediate in chemical synthesis
Non-food industrial formulations
4. Typical Applications
Pharmaceuticals: Iron supplement tablets, capsules, syrups
Nutraceuticals: Iron-fortified dietary supplements
Food Fortification: Functional foods, baby formulas
Animal Nutrition: Feed additive to prevent anemia
Industrial: Source of ferrous ions in organic synthesis
5. Physical & Chemical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|
| Appearance | Reddish-brown to dark brown fine powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Taste | Mild metallic |
| Solubility | Slightly soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol |
| Bulk Density | 0.4 – 0.6 g/cm³ |
| Stability | Stable under normal storage; avoid humidity and strong oxidizers |
6. Storage & Handling
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area
Protect from moisture, light, and heat
Keep containers tightly sealed after opening
Handle under GMP / HACCP conditions for food or pharma use
7. Packaging
| Grade | Packaging Options |
|---|
| Food / Pharma Grade | 25 kg fiber drum or multi-layer paper bag with PE liner |
| Feed / Industrial Grade | 25 kg woven bag or jumbo bag |
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