| Name | Carnosic acid |
| Description | Carnosic acid is a lipid absorption inhibitor, endowed with antioxidative, antimicrobial, photoprotective potential, and antiproliferative properties. |
| Cell Research | Human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/F-12 HAM nutrient medium (1:1 mixture; supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM L-glutamine, penicillin (1000 units/mL), streptomycin (1000 μg/mL), and amphotericin B (2.5 μg/mL)) in a 5% CO2 humidified incubator at 37 °C. SH-SY5Y cells were cultured until a confluence of 80–90% was achieved and then trypsinized. H2O2 was utilized at 300 μM for different periods of incubation according to each specific assay. A pretreatment with CA (dissolved in DMSO) at 1 μM for 12 h was performed in order to test the ability of this diterpene in preventing the deleterious effects triggered by H2O2 in SH-SY5Y cells [2]. |
| Animal Research | Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were given an intradermal injection of 100 μg of chicken type II collagen emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (1:1, w/v) into the base of the tail. 18 days after primary immunization, all mice showed signs of arthritis, and a booster, which consisted of 100 μg of chicken type II collagen emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA; 1:1, v/v), was injected intradermally. All mice were divided into 7 groups; normal (Nor), db/db, db/db/CIA, and db/db/CIA with CA treatment. To investigate the effects of Carnosic acid (CA) on the development of arthritis, db/db mice and db/db/CIA mice were treated with 30 mg/kg body weight CA (CAL) and 60 mg/kg body weight CA (CAH) seven times per week for 4 weeks intraperitoneally after the booster injection. CA was prepared as 10 mmol/L stock solutions in DMSO [3]. |
| In vitro | ARPE-19 cells were pre-treated with 10 μM carnosic acid for 24 h followed by treatment with acrylamide (0.7 or 1 mM) for 24 h. ARPE-19 cells pre-treated with 10 μM carnosic acid showed significantly increased cell viability and decreased cell death rate when compared to ARPE-19 cells treated with acrylamide alone [1]. A pretreatment of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with carnosic acid at 1 μM for 12 h prevented the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced impairment of the TCA enzymes (aconitase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)) and abolished the inhibition of the complexes I and V and restored the levels of ATP by a mechanism associated with Nrf2 [2]. |
| In vivo | Carnosic acid significantly down-regulated fasting blood glucose, glucose level in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT), ameliorated CIA-induced bone loss, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in db/db mice with arthritis induced by CIA [3]. |
| Storage | keep away from direct sunlight,keep away from moisture | Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year | Shipping with blue ice. |
| Solubility Information | DMSO : 100 mg/mL (300.82 mM)
H2O : Insoluble
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| Keywords | Inhibitor | inhibit | Carnosic acid | Bacterial | Apoptosis |
| Inhibitors Related | Neomycin sulfate | Stavudine | Dehydroacetic acid sodium | Ampicillin sodium | Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW 4500-5500) | Kanamycin sulfate | Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate | Sulfamethoxazole sodium | Doxycycline | Tributyrin | Dimethyl sulfoxide | Oleic acid |
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United States
