Carnosic acid

Carnosic acid (salvin) is abundant in sage and rosemary leaves. It has antioxidative, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-adipogenic, antiproliferative, antitumorigenic and neuroprotective properties. It is increasingly exploited within food, nutrition health, and cosmetic industries. It is used as the main active antioxidants of food additives in Europe, in products including oils, animal fats, sauces, bakery wares, meat, and fish products etc. to prevent oxidation and prolong their storage time. It is proven to be efficient in the treatment of hyperglycemia. In cosmetic industry, it is used in the hair care and skin care products. Oral health care is another cosmetics-related application of carnosic acid: in vitro studies have shown that it efficiently protected against typical cariogenic microorganisms. It is the important raw material of tooth grinding and gargle agent.

[1] Simona Birtic, Pierre Dussort, Francois-Xavier Pierre, Antoine C. Bily, Marc Roller (2015) Carnosic acid,115, 9-19
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnosic_acid
[3] http://www.lvyinbio.com/plant-extract/carnosic-acid/

Yellow powder

Carnosic Acid is a phenolic component of rosemary. It acts as a potent antioxdant and also has UV protective activity. Specifically protection for UV-A radiation and damage. Carnosic Acid also inhibits the free-radical chain reaction that leads to the oxidation of fats and oils, thereby stabilizing and increasing the shelf life of meats.

ChEBI: An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 11 and 12 and a carboxy group at position 20. It is isolated from Rosmarinus officinalis and exhibits anti-angiogenic, antineoplastic, antioxidant and anti-HIV activity.

[1] Ignea, C., Athanasakoglou, A., Ioannou, E., Georgantea, P., Trikka, F. A., Loupassaki, S., Roussis, V., Makris, A. M., & Kampranis, S. C. (2016). Carnosic acid biosynthesis elucidated by a synthetic biology platform. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(13), 3681–3686. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523787113
[2] Scheler, U., Brandt, W., Porzel, A., Rothe, K., Manzano, D., Božić, D., Papaefthimiou, D., Balcke, G. U., Henning, A., Lohse, S., Marillonnet, S., Kanellis, A. K., Ferrer, A., & Tissier, A. (2016). Elucidation of the biosynthesis of carnosic acid and its reconstitution in yeast. Nature Communications, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12942

Carnosic acid is a diterpene found in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), exhibitinganti-proliferative effects when observed in vitro in human renal carcinoma cells andcervical carcinoma cells (Su et al. 2016) including inhibition of cell proliferation,angiogenesis and cell migration. ER stress is induced by the carnosic acid present inthe extract from rosemary, inducing cancer cell apoptosis (Cao and Kaufman 2014;Petiwala et al. 2014). Carnosic acid induced dose-dependent expression of ATF4and CHOP and knockdown of CHOP and ATF4 by siRNA-suppressed apoptosis.
The role of ROS was investigated in the induction of ER stress by carnosic acid.ATF4 and CHOP expression induced by carnosic acid was markedly inhibited byROS scavengers. Hence, this information implies that ATF4 and CHOP expressionmediated by ER stress plays a significant part in apoptosis of human kidney Cakicells induced by carnosic acid (Min et al. 2014). Treatment of 22Rv1 and LNCaP,human prostate cancer cell lines, by carnosic acid degraded the androgen receptor(AR), and antigen specific to the prostate also showed reduced expression.Proteasomal degradation pathway dependent on ER stress mediates AR degradation.Induction of CHOP protein, degradation of AR and reduction in the growth ofxenograft prostate cancer tumours by 53% were also detected in vivo. Additionally,carnosic acid induces ER stress only in prostate cancer cells and not in normal cells(Petiwala et al. 2016).

In Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia fruticosa, carnosic acid is biosynthesized from (+)-copalyl diphosphate through the intermediates miltiradiene, abietatriene, and ferruginol. Four cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP76AH24, CYP71BE52, CYP76AK6, and CYP76AK8) catalyze the oxidation events leading to its formation, with CYP76AK6-8 specifically responsible for the three sequential C20 oxidations converting 11-hydroxyferruginol to carnosic acid[1][2].