### BERBERINE SULFATE TRIHYDRATE: Definition, Functions, and Applications
#### Definition
Berberine Sulfate Trihydrate is a quaternary ammonium salt derived from berberine, an alkaloid found in several plants such as *Berberis*. Its chemical formula is C20H18NO4·½O4S·3H2O, and it is known for its yellow crystalline appearance and high solubility in water.
#### Functions
1. **Antimicrobial Activity**: Berberine Sulfate Trihydrate exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.
2. **Anti-inflammatory Effects**: It inhibits inflammatory responses, making it useful in treating conditions like sepsis and other inflammatory diseases.
3. **Antioxidant Properties**: It protects cells from oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals.
4. **Cardiovascular Benefits**: It has been shown to lower blood glucose levels and improve cardiovascular health.
#### Applications
1. **Pharmaceuticals**: Used in formulations for treating bacterial infections, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
2. **Research**: Utilized in biochemical studies, such as SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance) experiments, to investigate its binding mechanisms with proteins like thrombin.
3. **Traditional Medicine**: Incorporated into traditional Chinese medicine for its therapeutic properties.
4. **Cosmetics**: Added to skincare products for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial benefits.
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