| Name | ATP disodium salt |
| Description | ATP disodium salt (Adenosine-Triphosphate) is a P2 purinoceptor agonist. |
| In vitro | ATP release and autocrine feedback through P2Y2 and A3 receptors provide signal amplification, controlling gradient sensing and migration of neutrophils. [1] ATP results in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which stimulates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and subsequent Akt and ERK1/2 activation. ATP-dependent ROS production and PI3K activation also stimulate transcription of genes required for an oxidative stress response. ATP-mediated ROS-dependent PI3K is required for activation of caspase-1 and secretion of IL-1beta and IL-18. [2] ATP potently stimulates TNF-alpha release, resulting from TNF-alpha mRNA expression in rat cultured brain microglia. ATP-induced TNF-alpha release is Ca(2+)-dependent, and a sustained Ca(2+) influx correlated with the TNF-alpha release in ATP-stimulated microglia. ATP-induced TNF-alpha release is inhibited by PD 098059, an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) kinase 1 (MEK1), which activates ERK, and also by SB 203580, an inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. ATP rapidly activates both ERK and p38 even in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+). [3] ATP-induced cytotoxicity is mediated by classical alterations of apoptosis, including membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation, and DNA fragmentation. ATP but not other nucleotides lead to the potent and selective activation of NF-κB in microglial cells through a P2Z receptor-mediated pathway. [4] |
| In vivo | ATP regulates microglial branch dynamics in the intact mice brain, and its release from the damaged tissue and surrounding astrocytes mediates a rapid microglial response towards injury. [5] |
| Storage | Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year | Shipping with blue ice/Shipping at ambient temperature. |
| Solubility Information | H2O : 10 mM, Sonication is recommended.
DMSO : Insoluble
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| Keywords | storage | P2XReceptor | P2X Receptor | NLRP3 | metabolism | Inhibitor | inhibit | inflammation | inflammasome | immunity | energy | EndogenousMetabolite | Endogenous Metabolite | Disodium adenosine Triphosphate | Disodium adenosine | cytokine | ATP disodium salt | Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium | Adenosine 5'-triphosphate |
| Inhibitors Related | Sucrose | Cysteamine hydrochloride | Acetaminophen | Daidzein | Fumaric acid | Guanidine hydrochloride | Ferulic Acid | Formamide | Glycerol | Thymidine | Naringin | 3-Indoleacetic acid |
| Related Compound Libraries | Anti-Tumor Natural Product Library | Bioactive Compound Library | Membrane Protein-targeted Compound Library | Anti-Cancer Clinical Compound Library | Natural Product Library | Drug Repurposing Compound Library | Anti-Cancer Approved Drug Library | Anti-infective Natural Product Library | Human Endogenous Metabolite Library | Bioactive Compounds Library Max | Ion Channel Targeted Library | Anti-Cancer Active Compound Library |
United States
