sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate (cyclohexyl ammonium salt hydrate)

sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is a phosphoric ester of glycerol that is a chemical intermediate in glycolysis and lipid metabolism.1 G3P is an integral part of the glycerophosphate shuttle, in which NADH is oxidized to regenerate NAD+ and reducing equivalents are transferred to the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.2,3,4,5 G3P is used as a substrate for lipid biosynthesis pathways in synthetic biology, in studies of reactive oxygen species in heart tissue, and to measure phosphatidic acid in cell cultures.6,7,8 It plays a vital role in systemic acquired resistance in plant immunity.9 G3P availability affects insulin production as a substrate for glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase.10 Altered levels of G3P have been found in the saliva of Alzheimer's, frontal lobe dementia, and Lewy body disease patients.11WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

[1] DANÚBIA FRASSON. The sympathetic nervous system regulates the three glycerol-3P generation pathways in white adipose tissue of fasted, diabetic and high-protein diet-fed rats[J]. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2012, 61 10: Pages 1473-1485. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.03.014
[2] I R COTTINGHAM  C I R. Purification and properties of L-3-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase from pig brain mitochondria.[J]. Biochemical Journal, 1980, 192 1: 9-18. DOI: 10.1042/bj1920009
[3] WENYUN SHEN. Involvement of a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in modulating the NADH/NAD+ ratio provides evidence of a mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle in Arabidopsis.[J]. Plant Cell, 2006, 18 2: 422-441. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.039750
[4] JOANNE I YEH  Shoucheng D  Unmesh Chinte. Structure of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, an essential monotopic membrane enzyme involved in respiration and metabolism.[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008: 3280-3285. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0712331105
[5] TOMÁŠ MRÁČEK  Josef H  Zdeněk Drahota. The function and the role of the mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in mammalian tissues[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-Bioenergetics, 2013, 1827 3: Pages 401-410. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.11.014
[6] A. SCOTT. Cell-Free Phospholipid Biosynthesis by Gene-Encoded Enzymes Reconstituted in Liposomes[J]. PLoS ONE, 2016, 11 1. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163058
[7] De Souza, F.I., Zumiotti, A.V., and Da Silva, C.F. Neuregulins 1-α and 1-β on the regeneration the peripheral nerves[J]. Acta Ortop Bras.
[8] SHIN-YA MORITA  Shuji K  Kazumitsu Ueda. Enzymatic measurement of phosphatidic acid in cultured cells.[J]. Journal of Lipid Research, 2009, 50 9: 1945-1952. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d900014-jlr200
[9] YUHENG YANG. Glycerol-3-phosphate metabolism in wheat contributes to systemic acquired resistance against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.[J]. PLoS ONE, 2013: e81756. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081756
[10] Y. MUGABO. Identification of a mammalian glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase: Role in metabolism and signaling in pancreatic β-cells and hepatocytes[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016, 59 1: E430-E439. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514375113
[11] MAYUKO TSURUOKA. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients[J]. ELECTROPHORESIS, 2013, 34 19: 2865-2872. DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300019