CHMP4B, the human homologue of yeast Snf7, interacts with Alix and is a core component of the ESCRT-III complex. The ESCRT system is comprised of multiple protein complexes denoted as ESCRT-0, -I, -II, -III, and VPS4 ATPase that together contribute to a number of membrane fission events, including multivesicular body and exosome formulation, viral budding, abscission during cytokinesis, and plasma membrane repair. Interestingly, it was found that the ESCRT-III complex, including CHMP4B is recruited to the plasma membrane during the regulated process of necrosis, necroptosis, and thereby controls membrane integrity sustaining these cells and allowing continued signaling and cytokine/chemokine secretion. Elevated expression of CHMP4B has been associated with neuronal apoptosis following intracerebral hemorrhage. In addition, high CHMP4B expression was associated with increased proliferation and resistance to doxorubicin in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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