2’3’-cGAMP-d8 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 2’3’-cGAMP (Item No. 19887) by GC- or LC-MS. 2’3’-cGAMP is a second messenger produced from ATP and GTP by cGMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells in response to the presence of dsDNA.1,2,3 It contains a non-canonical 2’5’-phosphodiester bond and binds tightly to the adapter protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING) with a Kd value of 3.79 nM, which is significantly lower than that observed for 2’2’-cGAMP (Item No. 22419), 3’3’-cGAMP (Item No. 17966), cyclic di-GMP (Item No. 17144), and 3’2’-cGAMP (Kds = 0.287, 1.04, 1.21, and 1.61 µM, respectively).3 It is a potent inducer of IFN-β mRNA expression with an EC50 value of 19.4 nM in L929 cells.3WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.
[1] JIAXI WU. Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in innate immune signaling by cytosolic DNA.[J]. Science, 2013, 339 6121: 826-830. DOI:
10.1126/science.1229963[2] LIJUN SUN. Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is a Cytosolic DNA Sensor That Activates the Type I Interferon Pathway[J]. Science, 2012, 339 6121.
[3] XU ZHANG. Cyclic GMP-AMP containing mixed phosphodiester linkages is an endogenous high-affinity ligand for STING.[J]. Molecular Cell, 2013, 51 2: 226-235. DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2013.05.022
