witch hazel extract (Hamamelis virginiana)(hamamelis; winterbloom) is traditionally used in the topical treatment of burns, sunburns, skin irritation, insect bites, and bruises. It is credited with anti-inflammatory, astringent, and wound-healing properties. It is often used for its anti-itching, softening, and emollient properties. In addition, anti-free radical activity is now associated with witch hazel, thereby helping counter the damaging effects of uVA, while acting as an absorber of both uVA and uVB. Ideal applications for witch hazel are in sun preparations, after-sun preparations, and creams that strive to regenerate overstrained skin. It can be formulated effectively into gels as an anti-septic preparation for treating impure, greasy skin as well as acne. Some sources cite a recommended dosage of 2 to 5 percent for use in formulations. It is obtained from the leaves and bark of the plant. Its primary constituents are tannins and saponins. other constituents include volatile oil and gallic acid, with flavonoids also present in the leaves.
