Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 183 amino acids including N-terminal methionine and having a molecular mass of 20.1kDa. The amino acid sequence of the recombinant mouse FGF21 is 100% homologous to the amino acid sequence of the mouse FGF21 without signal sequence.The FGF-21 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques. FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor) is a hormonal factor that belongs to the FGF superfamily. It is generated by the liver. The gene encoding FGF21 is localized on mouse chromosome 7.
FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor) controls glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism. It exhibits anti-diabetic properties by controlling glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. FGF21 also possesses autocrine effects in white adipose tissue. The protein is also involved in bone loss and exhibits hepatoprotective properties. In addition, FGF21 is also implicated in lipid metabolism and energy balance. It plays a key role in controlling oxidative stress cell response.
The FGFs are a family of more than 20 small (~17–26 kDa) secreted peptides. The initial characterization of these proteins focused on their ability to stimulate fibroblast proliferation. This mitogenic activity was mediated through FGF receptors (FGFRs) 1, 2, or 3. A fourth closely related tyrosine kinase receptor (FGFR4) was able to bind the FGFs but did not lead to a mitogenic response.
FGFs modulate cellular activity via at least 5 distinct subfamilies of high-affinity FGF receptors (FGFRs): FGFR-1, -2, -3, and -4, all with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and, except for FGFR-4, multiple splice isoforms, and FGFR-5, which lacks an intracellular kinase domain. There is growing evidence that FGFRs can be important for regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis. The overexpression of a dominant negative form of FGFR-1 in cells leads to diabetes in mice, which thus implies that proper FGF signaling is required for normal cell function and glycemia maintenance. FGFR-2 appears to be a key molecule during pancreatic development. Moreover, FGFR-4 has been implicated in cholesterol metabolism and bile acid synthesis.
FGF-19, has been shown to cause resistance to diet-induced obesity and desensitization and to improve glucose and lipid profiles in diabetic rodents. Since these effects, at least in part, are mediated through the observed changes in metabolic rates, FGF-19 can be considered as a regulator of energy expenditure.
FGF-21 is preferentially expressed in liver, but an exact knowledge of FGF-21 bioactivity and its mode of action have been lacking to date. FGF-21 is a potent activator of glucose uptake on adipocytes, protects animals from diet-induced obesity when overexpressed in transgenic mice, and lowers blood glucose and triglyceride levels when therapeutically administered to diabetic rodents.
