β-D-Glucopyranose

Geraniin is a tannin that has been found in P. urinaria and has diverse biological activities. It scavenges 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; IC₅₀s = 0.92 and 1.27 μM at pH 4.5 and 7.9, respectively), superoxide (IC₅₀ = 2.65 μM), and hydroxyl radicals (IC₅₀ = 1.44 μM) in cell-free assays. Geraniin inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 replication in plaque reduction assays (IC₅₀s = 35 and 18.4 μM, respectively). It inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in vitro (IC₅₀ = 13.22 μM) and reduces both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats when administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Geraniin (5, 10, and 20 μM) induces apoptosis and halts the cell cycle at the S phase in A549 lung cancer cells. It reduces tumor growth in an A549 mouse xenograft model when administered at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg.

It is a white powder, soluble in organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and DMSO. It comes from the whole herb of Phyllanthus urinaria L., a plant of the Euphorbiaceae family.

Geraniin protects PC12 cells against neuronal damage and may be used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease/ Also is an ACE inhibitor which is useful for hypertension treatment.

ChEBI: Geraniin is a tannin.

[1] SHYR-YI LIN . Antioxidant, anti-semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase, and anti-hypertensive activities of geraniin isolated from Phyllanthus urinaria[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2008, 46 7: Pages 2485-2492. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.007
[2] CHIEN-MIN YANG . The in vitro activity of geraniin and 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose isolated from Phyllanthus urinaria against herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 infection[J]. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2007, 110 3: Pages 555-558. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.039
[3] JIA LI. Geraniin induces apoptotic cell death in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells in vitro and in vivo.[J]. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2013, 91 12: 1016-1024. DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0140