ODN 2216

ODN 2216 is a human-specific TLR9 (toll-like receptor 9) ligand or agonist. ODN 2216 induces high amounts of IFN-α and IFN-β. ODN 2216 induces IFN-α by pDC (plasmacytoid DC) and IL-12 (p40) production by DC (dendritic cells). ODN 2216 stimulates IFN-γ production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), which is indirect and mediated by IFN-α/β. ODN 2216 can activate NK cells and promote IFN-γ production of TCR-triggered CD4+ T cells[1][2][3][4][5].

TLR9; IL-12

[1] Krug A, et al. Identification of CpG oligonucleotide sequences with high induction of IFN-alpha/beta in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol. 2001 Jul;31(7):2154-63. DOI:10.1002/1521-4141(200107)31:73.0.co;2-u
[2] Okada T, et al. Murine thymic plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol. 2003 Apr;33(4):1012-9. DOI:10.1002/eji.200323616
[3] Huang L, et al. CpG-based immunotherapy impairs antitumor activity of BRAF inhibitors in a B-cell-dependent manner. Oncogene. 2017 Jul 13;36(28):4081-4086. DOI:10.1038/onc.2017.35
[4] He Y, et al. Hepatic mitochondrial DNA/Toll-like receptor 9/MicroRNA-223 forms a negative feedback loop to limit neutrophil overactivation and acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice. Hepatology. 2017 Jul;66(1):220-234. DOI:10.1002/hep.29153
[5] Li Y, et al. A novel antagonist of TLR9 blocking all classes of immunostimulatory CpG-ODNs. Vaccine. 2011 Mar 3;29(11):2193-8. DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.10.042