2,6-Dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-pyridine-3,4,5-tricarboxylic acid 3,5-diethyl ester

AV-153 free base, a 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) derivative, is an antimutagenic. AV-153 free base intercalates to DNA in a single strand break and reduces DNA damage, stimulates DNA repair in human cells in vitro. AV-153 free base interacts with thymine and cytosine and has an influence on poly(ADP)ribosylation. AV-153 free base has anti-cancer activity[1][2][3].

[1] Nadezhda I Ryabokon, et al. A 1,4-dihydropyridine Derivative Reduces DNA Damage and Stimulates DNA Repair in Human Cells in Vitro. Mutat Res. 2005 Nov 10;587(1-2):52-8. DOI:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.07.009
[2] E Buraka, et al. DNA-binding Studies of AV-153, an Antimutagenic and DNA Repair-Stimulating Derivative of 1,4-dihydropiridine. Chem Biol Interact. 2014 Sep 5;220:200-7. DOI:10.1016/j.cbi.2014.06.027
[3] Lidija Milkovic, et al. Antioxidative 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives Modulate Oxidative Stress and Growth of Human Osteoblast-Like Cells In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel). 2018 Sep 19;7(9):123. DOI:10.1016/j.cbi.2014.06.027