[1] Usui T, et al. Mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of the Ca2+/calmodulin antagonist CV-159 in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. J Pharmacol Sci. 2010;113(3):214-23. Epub 2010 Jun 16. DOI:
10.1254/jphs.10100fp[2] Usui T, et al. CV-159, a unique dihydropyridine derivative, prevents TNF-induced inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Pharmacol Sci. 2010;113(2):182-91. Epub 2010 May 19. DOI:
10.1254/jphs.10033fp[3] Miyazaki H, et al. Neuroprotective effects of a dihydropyridine derivative, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarbox ylic acid methyl 6-(5-phenyl-3-pyrazolyloxy)hexyl ester (CV-159), on rat ischemic brain injury. Life Sci. 1999;64(10):869-78. DOI:
10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00011-9