钚 性质
| 熔点 | 640 ±2° |
|---|---|
| 沸点 | 3228°C (estimate) |
| 密度 | d21 19.86; d190 17.70; d235 17.14; d320 15.92; d405 16.00; d490 16.51 |
| 形态 | 银白色金属 |
| 颜色 | silvery-white metal; monoclinic |
| (IARC)致癌物分类 | 1 (Vol. 78, 100D) 2012 |
| EPA化学物质信息 | Plutonium (7440-07-5) |
钚 用途与合成方法
钚（英语：Plutonium ，）原子序数为94，元素符号是Pu，是一种具放射性的超铀元素。半衰期为24万5千年。它属于锕系金属，外表呈银白色，接触空气后容易锈蚀、氧化，在表面生成无光泽的二氧化钚。钚有六种同位素和四种氧化态，易和碳、卤素、氮、硅起化学反应。钚暴露在潮湿的空气中时会产生氧化物和氢化物，其体积最大可膨胀70%，屑状的钚能自燃。它也是一种放射性毒物，会于骨髓中富集。因此，操作、处理钚元素具有一定的危险性。
安全信息
| 毒性 | The toxic effects of inhaled plutonium vary with the dose, high doses in the dog causing death from radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis within a relatively short time, those dogs surviving more than 1000 days dying from neoplasias although fibrosis is apparent. If the form inhaled is the relatively insoluble plutonium oxide, much remains in the lung until transported to the lymph nodes. Soluble forms are transported out of the lung and appear in the liver and skeleton. Injected plutonium citrate behaves as the soluble forms mobilized from the lung, causing primarily bone cancers and, less commonly, liver cancers. |
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