5,5′,6,6′-Tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide

JC-1 is a membrane-permeable cationic dye that is used to study mitochondrial integrity in the context of cellular apoptosis. It selectively enters mitochondria and changes fluorescence characteristics with alteration in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). In healthy cells with a high mitochondrial ΔΨm, JC-1 forms complexes known as J-aggregates, which fluoresce red/orange and may be detected using FL2 settings by flow cytometry. A drop in ΔΨm, a very early event in apoptosis, results in JC-1 monomers, which fluoresce green (FL1 settings on flow cytometers). JC-1 may also be used with fluorescent microscopes or plate readers, using excitation at 520-570 nm and emission at 570-610 nm for J-aggregates and excitation at 485 nm and emission at 535 nm for monomers.

A dual-emission potential-sensitive probe that can be used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential. JC-1 is a green-fluorescent monomer at low membrane potential. At higher potentials, JC-1 forms red-fluorescent "J-aggregates," which exhibit broad exc

The cyanine dye JC-1 has been used to determine mitochondrial transmembrane potential.

ChEBI: 1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-5,5',6,6'-tetrachloroimidacarbocyanine iodide is a cyanine dye and an organic iodide salt. It has a role as a fluorochrome. It contains a 1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-5,5',6,6'-tetrachloroimidacarbocyanine.

JC-1 is a membrane-permeable cyanine dye used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential. JC-1 is a dual-emission, green-fluorescent dye at low membrane potential and forms red-fluorescence at higher membrane potentials. Monomeric JC-1 is the predominant form in cells exhibiting lower mitochondrial membrane potential, while aggregates of JC-1 are found in cells with higher mitochondrial membrane potential. JC-1 can be used to detect cells undergoing apoptosis, with healthy cells exhibiting red-fluorescence and cytoplasmic JC-1 exhibiting green-fluorescence in apoptotic cells. JC-1 is also a substrate of the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein, an ATP-binding cassette transporter protein associated with development of multidrug resistance. Transport of JC-1 by P-gp from cells can reduce cellular JC-1 levels, creating a false indication of decreased mitochondrial membrane potential.

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485 nm (monomer), 520-570 nm (aggregate)/535 nm (monomer), 570-610 nm (aggregate)