1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone

1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone is a relatively potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), with an IC50 value of 3.0 μM. 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone inhibits LPS-induced NF-κB and AP-1 activations by interfering with the posttranslational modification (phosphorylation and/or ubiquitinylation) of IRAK-1 in the cell membrane to impede TAK1-mediated activation of IKK and MAPKs signal transduction. 3. 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone shows in vitro inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with IC50 values of 56.3plusmn;0.4 and 46.0plusmn;0.3 M, respectively.

1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone is a Na+/H+ exchange system (Na+/H+ Exchanger (NHE)) inhibitor with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 μg/mL[1]. 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone is a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) (Phosphodiesterase (PDE)) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.0 μM[3]. 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone inhibits Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056))-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages, and has anti-inflammatory activities[2].

NF-kB | IkB | AP-1 | JNK | ERK | TGF-β/Smad | AChR | IKK

PDE5: 3 μM (IC₅₀); iNOS; Na+/H+ Exchanger

[1] [1] M Kobayashi, et al. Indonesian medicinal plants. XXI. Inhibitors of Na+/H+ exchanger from the bark of Erythrina variegata and the roots of Maclura cochinchinensis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1997 Oct;45(10):1615-9. DOI:10.1248/cpb.45.1615
[2] Wen-Fei Chiou, et al. 1,3,5-trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone represses lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS expression via impeding posttranslational modification of IRAK-1. Biochem Pharmacol. 2011 Mar 15;81(6):752-60. DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2010.12.022
[3] Chalisa Sabphon, et al. Phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity of the flavonoids and xanthones from Anaxagorea luzonensis. Nat Prod Commun. 2015 Feb;10(2):301-3. PMID:25920267