Misonidazole is a nitroimidazole with radiosensitizing and antineoplastic properties. Nitroimidazoles, including misonidazole, specifically accumulate as nitro anion radicals and their metabolites in hypoxic cells. The metabolites of misonidazole can themselves be cytotoxic or they can increase the chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of the target cells. Misonidazole and derivatives, including fluoromisonidazole, are used in the imaging of hypoxic regions in tumors and in the cardiovascular system.
Misonidazole can be used as a potential hypoxic cancer cell radiosensitizer and DNA binding and nicking agent. The metabolites of misonidazole can themselves be cytotoxic or they can increase the chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of the target cells
Antiprotozoal (Trichomonas).
in cultured cho cells, pretreatment with 5 mm miso for 2 hr exihibited the marginal toxicity [2].
pretreatment with misonidazole (miso) enhanced the number of cross-links formed in a fibrosarcoma and in the spleen and gut of mice for periods up to 48 h following a single injection of melphalan (mel). miso pretreatment could result in a greater amount of binding of mel to dna at early times after injection. miso may exert its affect by inhibiting the repair of cross-links or monoadducts at early times post-injection [3].
[1] josephy p d, palcic b, skarsgard l d. ascorbate-enhanced cytotoxicity of misonidazole[j]. nature, 1978, 271(5643): 370-372.
[2]taylor y c, bump e a, brown j m. studies on the mechanism of chemosensitization by misonidazole in vitro[j]. international journal of radiation oncology biology physics, 1982, 8(3-4): 705-708.
[3] murray d, meyn r e. enhancement of the dna cross-linking activity of melphalan by misonidazole in vivo[j]. british journal of cancer, 1983, 47(2): 195.
[4] wasserman t h, stetz j a, phillips t l.
